A robust watermarking scheme using sequency-ordered complex Hadamard transform
This paper presents a robust phase watermarking scheme for still digital images based on the sequency-ordered complex Hadamard transform (SCHT). The transform matrix of the SCHT exhibits sequency ordering which is analogous to frequency in the discrete Fourier transform (DFT). Hence, sequency-based...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Other Authors: | |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
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2011
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| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/10356/93997 http://hdl.handle.net/10220/7089 |
| _version_ | 1811678680865308672 |
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| author | Aung, Aye Ng, Boon Poh Rahardja, Susanto |
| author2 | School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering |
| author_facet | School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Aung, Aye Ng, Boon Poh Rahardja, Susanto |
| author_sort | Aung, Aye |
| collection | NTU |
| description | This paper presents a robust phase watermarking scheme for still digital images based on the sequency-ordered complex Hadamard transform (SCHT). The transform matrix of the SCHT exhibits sequency ordering which is analogous to frequency in the discrete Fourier transform (DFT). Hence, sequency-based image analysis can be performed for image watermarking while providing simple implementation and with less computational complexity for computation of the transform. As the SCHT coefficients are complex numbers which consist of both magnitudes and phases, they are suited to adopt phase modulation techniques to embed the watermark. In this proposed scheme, the phases of the SCHT coefficients in the sequency domain are altered to convey the watermark information using the phase shift keying (PSK) modulation. Low amplitude block selection (LABS) is used to enhance the imperceptibility of digital watermark, and amplitude boost (AB) method is employed to improve the robustness of the watermarking scheme. Spread spectrum (SS) technique is adopted to increase the security of watermark against various unintentional or intentional attacks. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed watermarking scheme, simulations are conducted under various kinds of attacking operations. The results show that the proposed scheme is able to sustain a series of attacks including common geometric transformations such as scaling, rotating, cropping, painting, and common image-processing operations such as JPEG compression, low-pass filtering, sharpening, noising and phase perturbation, etc. Comparisons of the simulation results with the other schemes are also mentioned and the results reveal that the proposed scheme shows better robustness. |
| first_indexed | 2024-10-01T02:57:07Z |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | ntu-10356/93997 |
| institution | Nanyang Technological University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-10-01T02:57:07Z |
| publishDate | 2011 |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | ntu-10356/939972020-03-07T14:02:42Z A robust watermarking scheme using sequency-ordered complex Hadamard transform Aung, Aye Ng, Boon Poh Rahardja, Susanto School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering DRNTU::Engineering::Electrical and electronic engineering::Electronic systems::Signal processing This paper presents a robust phase watermarking scheme for still digital images based on the sequency-ordered complex Hadamard transform (SCHT). The transform matrix of the SCHT exhibits sequency ordering which is analogous to frequency in the discrete Fourier transform (DFT). Hence, sequency-based image analysis can be performed for image watermarking while providing simple implementation and with less computational complexity for computation of the transform. As the SCHT coefficients are complex numbers which consist of both magnitudes and phases, they are suited to adopt phase modulation techniques to embed the watermark. In this proposed scheme, the phases of the SCHT coefficients in the sequency domain are altered to convey the watermark information using the phase shift keying (PSK) modulation. Low amplitude block selection (LABS) is used to enhance the imperceptibility of digital watermark, and amplitude boost (AB) method is employed to improve the robustness of the watermarking scheme. Spread spectrum (SS) technique is adopted to increase the security of watermark against various unintentional or intentional attacks. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed watermarking scheme, simulations are conducted under various kinds of attacking operations. The results show that the proposed scheme is able to sustain a series of attacks including common geometric transformations such as scaling, rotating, cropping, painting, and common image-processing operations such as JPEG compression, low-pass filtering, sharpening, noising and phase perturbation, etc. Comparisons of the simulation results with the other schemes are also mentioned and the results reveal that the proposed scheme shows better robustness. Accepted version 2011-09-21T04:26:28Z 2019-12-06T18:48:54Z 2011-09-21T04:26:28Z 2019-12-06T18:48:54Z 2010 2010 Journal Article Aung, A., Ng, B. P., & Rahardja, S. (2010). A Robust Watermarking Scheme Using Sequency-ordered Complex Hadamard Transform. Journal of Signal Processing Systems, 64, 319-333. 1939-8018 https://hdl.handle.net/10356/93997 http://hdl.handle.net/10220/7089 10.1007/s11265-010-0492-7 155442 en Journal of signal processing systems © 2010 Springer. This is the author created version of a work that has been peer reviewed and accepted for publication by Journal of Signal Processing Systems, Springer. It incorporates referee's comments but changes resulting from the publishing process, such as copyediting, structural formatting, may not be reflected in this document. The published version is available at: [DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11265-010-0492-7]. 15 p. application/pdf |
| spellingShingle | DRNTU::Engineering::Electrical and electronic engineering::Electronic systems::Signal processing Aung, Aye Ng, Boon Poh Rahardja, Susanto A robust watermarking scheme using sequency-ordered complex Hadamard transform |
| title | A robust watermarking scheme using sequency-ordered complex Hadamard transform |
| title_full | A robust watermarking scheme using sequency-ordered complex Hadamard transform |
| title_fullStr | A robust watermarking scheme using sequency-ordered complex Hadamard transform |
| title_full_unstemmed | A robust watermarking scheme using sequency-ordered complex Hadamard transform |
| title_short | A robust watermarking scheme using sequency-ordered complex Hadamard transform |
| title_sort | robust watermarking scheme using sequency ordered complex hadamard transform |
| topic | DRNTU::Engineering::Electrical and electronic engineering::Electronic systems::Signal processing |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/10356/93997 http://hdl.handle.net/10220/7089 |
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