Persistent termini of 2004- and 2005-like ruptures of the Sunda megathrust
To gain insight into the longevity of subduction zone segmentation, we use coral microatolls to examine an 1100-year record of large earthquakes across the boundary of the great 2004 and 2005 Sunda megathrust ruptures. Simeulue, a 100-km-long island off the west coast of northern Sumatra, I...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2012
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/10356/94921 http://hdl.handle.net/10220/8486 |
| _version_ | 1826116492185305088 |
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| author | Meltzner, Aron J. Suwargadi, Bambang W. Natawidjaja, Danny H. Briggs, Richard W. Sieh, Kerry Chiang, Hong-Wei Shen, Chuan-Chou Philibosian, Belle |
| author_facet | Meltzner, Aron J. Suwargadi, Bambang W. Natawidjaja, Danny H. Briggs, Richard W. Sieh, Kerry Chiang, Hong-Wei Shen, Chuan-Chou Philibosian, Belle |
| author_sort | Meltzner, Aron J. |
| collection | NTU |
| description | To gain insight into the longevity of subduction zone segmentation, we use coral
microatolls to examine an 1100-year record of large earthquakes across the boundary
of the great 2004 and 2005 Sunda megathrust ruptures. Simeulue, a 100-km-long island
off the west coast of northern Sumatra, Indonesia, straddles this boundary: northern
Simeulue was uplifted in the 2004 earthquake, whereas southern Simeulue rose in 2005.
Northern Simeulue corals reveal that predecessors of the 2004 earthquake occurred
in the 10th century AD, in AD 1394±2, and in AD 1450±3. Corals from southern
Simeulue indicate that none of the major uplifts inferred on northern Simeulue in the past
1100 years extended to southern Simeulue. The two largest uplifts recognized at a
south-central Simeulue site—around AD 1422 and in 2005—involved little or no uplift
of northern Simeulue. The distribution of uplift and strong shaking during a historical
earthquake in 1861 suggests the 1861 rupture area was also restricted to south of central
Simeulue, as in 2005. The strikingly different histories of the two adjacent patches
demonstrate that this boundary has persisted as an impediment to rupture through
at least seven earthquakes in the past 1100 years. This implies that the rupture lengths,
and hence sizes, of at least some future great earthquakes and tsunamis can be forecast.
These microatolls also provide insight into megathrust behavior between earthquakes,
revealing sudden and substantial changes in interseismic strain accumulation rates. |
| first_indexed | 2024-10-01T04:12:36Z |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | ntu-10356/94921 |
| institution | Nanyang Technological University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-10-01T04:12:36Z |
| publishDate | 2012 |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | ntu-10356/949212020-09-26T21:28:26Z Persistent termini of 2004- and 2005-like ruptures of the Sunda megathrust Meltzner, Aron J. Suwargadi, Bambang W. Natawidjaja, Danny H. Briggs, Richard W. Sieh, Kerry Chiang, Hong-Wei Shen, Chuan-Chou Philibosian, Belle DRNTU::Science::Geology::Volcanoes and earthquakes To gain insight into the longevity of subduction zone segmentation, we use coral microatolls to examine an 1100-year record of large earthquakes across the boundary of the great 2004 and 2005 Sunda megathrust ruptures. Simeulue, a 100-km-long island off the west coast of northern Sumatra, Indonesia, straddles this boundary: northern Simeulue was uplifted in the 2004 earthquake, whereas southern Simeulue rose in 2005. Northern Simeulue corals reveal that predecessors of the 2004 earthquake occurred in the 10th century AD, in AD 1394±2, and in AD 1450±3. Corals from southern Simeulue indicate that none of the major uplifts inferred on northern Simeulue in the past 1100 years extended to southern Simeulue. The two largest uplifts recognized at a south-central Simeulue site—around AD 1422 and in 2005—involved little or no uplift of northern Simeulue. The distribution of uplift and strong shaking during a historical earthquake in 1861 suggests the 1861 rupture area was also restricted to south of central Simeulue, as in 2005. The strikingly different histories of the two adjacent patches demonstrate that this boundary has persisted as an impediment to rupture through at least seven earthquakes in the past 1100 years. This implies that the rupture lengths, and hence sizes, of at least some future great earthquakes and tsunamis can be forecast. These microatolls also provide insight into megathrust behavior between earthquakes, revealing sudden and substantial changes in interseismic strain accumulation rates. Published version 2012-09-11T01:11:20Z 2019-12-06T19:04:43Z 2012-09-11T01:11:20Z 2019-12-06T19:04:43Z 2012 2012 Journal Article Meltzner, A. J., Sieh, K., Chiang, H. W., Shen, C. C., Suwargadi, B. W., Natawidjaja, D. H., et al. (2012). Persistent termini of 2004- and 2005-like ruptures of the Sunda megathrust. Journal of Geophysical Research, 117, B04405-. 0148-0227 https://hdl.handle.net/10356/94921 http://hdl.handle.net/10220/8486 10.1029/2011JB008888 en Journal of geophysical research © 2012 the American Geophysical Union. This is the author created version of a work that has been peer reviewed and accepted for publication by Journal of Geophysical Research, the American Geophysical Union. It incorporates referee’s comments but changes resulting from the publishing process, such as copyediting, structural formatting, may not be reflected in this document. The published version is available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011JB008888. application/pdf |
| spellingShingle | DRNTU::Science::Geology::Volcanoes and earthquakes Meltzner, Aron J. Suwargadi, Bambang W. Natawidjaja, Danny H. Briggs, Richard W. Sieh, Kerry Chiang, Hong-Wei Shen, Chuan-Chou Philibosian, Belle Persistent termini of 2004- and 2005-like ruptures of the Sunda megathrust |
| title | Persistent termini of 2004- and 2005-like ruptures of the Sunda megathrust |
| title_full | Persistent termini of 2004- and 2005-like ruptures of the Sunda megathrust |
| title_fullStr | Persistent termini of 2004- and 2005-like ruptures of the Sunda megathrust |
| title_full_unstemmed | Persistent termini of 2004- and 2005-like ruptures of the Sunda megathrust |
| title_short | Persistent termini of 2004- and 2005-like ruptures of the Sunda megathrust |
| title_sort | persistent termini of 2004 and 2005 like ruptures of the sunda megathrust |
| topic | DRNTU::Science::Geology::Volcanoes and earthquakes |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/10356/94921 http://hdl.handle.net/10220/8486 |
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