The 2010 Mw 7.8 Mentawai earthquake : very shallow source of a rare tsunami earthquake determined from tsunami field survey and near-field GPS data
The Mw 7.8 October 2010 Mentawai, Indonesia, earthquake was a “tsunami earthquake,” a rare type of earthquake that generates a tsunami much larger than expected based on the seismicmagnitude. It produced a locally devastating tsunami, with runup commonly in excess...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2012
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/10356/95223 http://hdl.handle.net/10220/8666 |
| _version_ | 1811690163780190208 |
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| author | Huang, Zhenhua Qiu, Qiang Banerjee, Paramesh Elosegui, Pedro Pranantyo, Ignatius Ryan Li, Linlin Skanavis, Vassilis Sieh, Kerry Hill, Emma M. Borrero, José C. Natawidjaja, Danny H. Fritz, Hermann M. Suwargadi, Bambang W. Macpherson, Kenneth A. Synolakis, Costas E. |
| author_facet | Huang, Zhenhua Qiu, Qiang Banerjee, Paramesh Elosegui, Pedro Pranantyo, Ignatius Ryan Li, Linlin Skanavis, Vassilis Sieh, Kerry Hill, Emma M. Borrero, José C. Natawidjaja, Danny H. Fritz, Hermann M. Suwargadi, Bambang W. Macpherson, Kenneth A. Synolakis, Costas E. |
| author_sort | Huang, Zhenhua |
| collection | NTU |
| description | The Mw 7.8 October 2010 Mentawai, Indonesia, earthquake was a “tsunami earthquake,”
a rare type of earthquake that generates a tsunami much larger than expected based on the
seismicmagnitude. It produced a locally devastating tsunami, with runup commonly in excess
of 6 m. We examine this event using a combination of high-rate GPS data, from instruments
located on the nearby islands, and a tsunami field survey. The GPS displacement time
series are deficient in high-frequency energy, and show small coseismic displacements
(<22 cm horizontal and <4 cm subsidence). The field survey shows that maximum tsunami
runup was >16 m. Our modeling results show that the combination of the small GPS
displacements and large tsunami can only be explained by high fault slip at very shallow
depths, far from the islands and close to the oceanic trench. Inelastic uplift of trench
sediments likely contributed to the size of the tsunami. Recent results for the 2011 Mw 9.0
Tohoko-Oki earthquake have also shown shallow fault slip, but the results from our study,
which involves a smaller earthquake, provide much stronger constraints on how shallow
the rupture can be, with the majority of slip for the Mentawai earthquake occurring at depths
of <6 km. This result challenges the conventional wisdom that the shallow tips of
subduction megathrusts are aseismic, and therefore raises important questions both about
the mechanical properties of the shallow fault zone and the potential seismic and tsunami
hazard of this shallow region. |
| first_indexed | 2024-10-01T05:59:38Z |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | ntu-10356/95223 |
| institution | Nanyang Technological University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-10-01T05:59:38Z |
| publishDate | 2012 |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | ntu-10356/952232020-09-26T21:32:12Z The 2010 Mw 7.8 Mentawai earthquake : very shallow source of a rare tsunami earthquake determined from tsunami field survey and near-field GPS data Huang, Zhenhua Qiu, Qiang Banerjee, Paramesh Elosegui, Pedro Pranantyo, Ignatius Ryan Li, Linlin Skanavis, Vassilis Sieh, Kerry Hill, Emma M. Borrero, José C. Natawidjaja, Danny H. Fritz, Hermann M. Suwargadi, Bambang W. Macpherson, Kenneth A. Synolakis, Costas E. DRNTU::Science::Geology::Volcanoes and earthquakes The Mw 7.8 October 2010 Mentawai, Indonesia, earthquake was a “tsunami earthquake,” a rare type of earthquake that generates a tsunami much larger than expected based on the seismicmagnitude. It produced a locally devastating tsunami, with runup commonly in excess of 6 m. We examine this event using a combination of high-rate GPS data, from instruments located on the nearby islands, and a tsunami field survey. The GPS displacement time series are deficient in high-frequency energy, and show small coseismic displacements (<22 cm horizontal and <4 cm subsidence). The field survey shows that maximum tsunami runup was >16 m. Our modeling results show that the combination of the small GPS displacements and large tsunami can only be explained by high fault slip at very shallow depths, far from the islands and close to the oceanic trench. Inelastic uplift of trench sediments likely contributed to the size of the tsunami. Recent results for the 2011 Mw 9.0 Tohoko-Oki earthquake have also shown shallow fault slip, but the results from our study, which involves a smaller earthquake, provide much stronger constraints on how shallow the rupture can be, with the majority of slip for the Mentawai earthquake occurring at depths of <6 km. This result challenges the conventional wisdom that the shallow tips of subduction megathrusts are aseismic, and therefore raises important questions both about the mechanical properties of the shallow fault zone and the potential seismic and tsunami hazard of this shallow region. Published version 2012-09-28T04:44:10Z 2019-12-06T19:10:40Z 2012-09-28T04:44:10Z 2019-12-06T19:10:40Z 2012 2012 Journal Article Hill, E. M., Borrero, J. C., Huang, Z., Qiu, Q., Banerjee, P., Natawidjaja, D. H., et al. (2012). The 2010 Mw 7.8 Mentawai earthquake : very shallow source of a rare tsunami earthquake determined from tsunami field survey and near-field GPS data. Journal of Geophysical Research, 117, B06402 0148-0227 https://hdl.handle.net/10356/95223 http://hdl.handle.net/10220/8666 10.1029/2012JB009159 en Journal of geophysical research © 2012 the American Geophysical Union. This paper was published in Journal of Geophysical Research and is made available as an electronic reprint (preprint) with permission of the American Geophysical Union. The paper can be found at the following official DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012JB009159. One print or electronic copy may be made for personal use only. Systematic or multiple reproduction, distribution to multiple locations via electronic or other means, duplication of any material in this paper for a fee or for commercial purposes, or modification of the content of the paper is prohibited and is subject to penalties under law. application/pdf |
| spellingShingle | DRNTU::Science::Geology::Volcanoes and earthquakes Huang, Zhenhua Qiu, Qiang Banerjee, Paramesh Elosegui, Pedro Pranantyo, Ignatius Ryan Li, Linlin Skanavis, Vassilis Sieh, Kerry Hill, Emma M. Borrero, José C. Natawidjaja, Danny H. Fritz, Hermann M. Suwargadi, Bambang W. Macpherson, Kenneth A. Synolakis, Costas E. The 2010 Mw 7.8 Mentawai earthquake : very shallow source of a rare tsunami earthquake determined from tsunami field survey and near-field GPS data |
| title | The 2010 Mw 7.8 Mentawai earthquake : very shallow source of a rare tsunami earthquake determined from tsunami field survey and near-field GPS data |
| title_full | The 2010 Mw 7.8 Mentawai earthquake : very shallow source of a rare tsunami earthquake determined from tsunami field survey and near-field GPS data |
| title_fullStr | The 2010 Mw 7.8 Mentawai earthquake : very shallow source of a rare tsunami earthquake determined from tsunami field survey and near-field GPS data |
| title_full_unstemmed | The 2010 Mw 7.8 Mentawai earthquake : very shallow source of a rare tsunami earthquake determined from tsunami field survey and near-field GPS data |
| title_short | The 2010 Mw 7.8 Mentawai earthquake : very shallow source of a rare tsunami earthquake determined from tsunami field survey and near-field GPS data |
| title_sort | 2010 mw 7 8 mentawai earthquake very shallow source of a rare tsunami earthquake determined from tsunami field survey and near field gps data |
| topic | DRNTU::Science::Geology::Volcanoes and earthquakes |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/10356/95223 http://hdl.handle.net/10220/8666 |
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