Adaptation of urine source separation in tropical cities : process optimization and odor mitigation
Source-separating urine from other domestic wastewaters promotes a more sustainable municipal wastewater treatment system. This study investigated the feasibility and potential issues of applying a urine source-separation system in tropical urban settings. The results showed that source-separated ur...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2013
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| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/10356/96656 http://hdl.handle.net/10220/10669 |
| _version_ | 1811697347047981056 |
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| author | Zhang, Jiefeng Giannis, Apostolos Chang, Victor Wei-Chung Ng, Bernard Jia Han Wang, Jing-Yuan |
| author2 | School of Civil and Environmental Engineering |
| author_facet | School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Zhang, Jiefeng Giannis, Apostolos Chang, Victor Wei-Chung Ng, Bernard Jia Han Wang, Jing-Yuan |
| author_sort | Zhang, Jiefeng |
| collection | NTU |
| description | Source-separating urine from other domestic wastewaters promotes a more sustainable municipal wastewater treatment system. This study investigated the feasibility and potential issues of applying a urine source-separation system in tropical urban settings. The results showed that source-separated urine underwent rapid urea-hydrolysis (ureolysis) at temperatures between 34–40oC, stale/fresh urine ratios greater than 40%, and/or with slight fecal cross-contamination. Undiluted (or low-diluted) urine favored ureolysis; this can be monitored by measuring conductivity as a reliable and efficient indicator. The optimized parameters demonstrated that an effective urine source-separation system is achievable in tropical urban areas. On the other hand, the initial release of CO2and NH3led to an elevated pressure in the headspace of the collection reservoir, which then dropped to a negative value, primarily due to oxygen depletion by the microbial activity in the gradually alkalized urine. Another potential odor source during the ureolysis process was derived from the high production of volatile fatty acids (VFA), which were mainly acetic, propanoic, and butyric acids. Health concerns related to odor issues might limit the application of source separation systems in urban areas; it is therefore vital to systematically monitor and control the odor emissions from a source separation system. As such, an enhanced ureolysis process can attenuate the odor emissions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-10-01T07:53:48Z |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | ntu-10356/96656 |
| institution | Nanyang Technological University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-10-01T07:53:48Z |
| publishDate | 2013 |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | ntu-10356/966562020-09-26T22:02:35Z Adaptation of urine source separation in tropical cities : process optimization and odor mitigation Zhang, Jiefeng Giannis, Apostolos Chang, Victor Wei-Chung Ng, Bernard Jia Han Wang, Jing-Yuan School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute DRNTU::Engineering::Environmental engineering::Waste management Source-separating urine from other domestic wastewaters promotes a more sustainable municipal wastewater treatment system. This study investigated the feasibility and potential issues of applying a urine source-separation system in tropical urban settings. The results showed that source-separated urine underwent rapid urea-hydrolysis (ureolysis) at temperatures between 34–40oC, stale/fresh urine ratios greater than 40%, and/or with slight fecal cross-contamination. Undiluted (or low-diluted) urine favored ureolysis; this can be monitored by measuring conductivity as a reliable and efficient indicator. The optimized parameters demonstrated that an effective urine source-separation system is achievable in tropical urban areas. On the other hand, the initial release of CO2and NH3led to an elevated pressure in the headspace of the collection reservoir, which then dropped to a negative value, primarily due to oxygen depletion by the microbial activity in the gradually alkalized urine. Another potential odor source during the ureolysis process was derived from the high production of volatile fatty acids (VFA), which were mainly acetic, propanoic, and butyric acids. Health concerns related to odor issues might limit the application of source separation systems in urban areas; it is therefore vital to systematically monitor and control the odor emissions from a source separation system. As such, an enhanced ureolysis process can attenuate the odor emissions. Accepted version 2013-06-25T08:40:35Z 2019-12-06T19:33:33Z 2013-06-25T08:40:35Z 2019-12-06T19:33:33Z 2013 2013 Journal Article Zhang, J., Giannis, A., Chang, V. W. C., Ng, B. J. H., & Wang, J. Y. (2013). Adaptation of urine source separation in tropical cities : Process optimization and odor mitigation. Journal of the air & waste management association, 63(4), 472-481. 1096-2247 https://hdl.handle.net/10356/96656 http://hdl.handle.net/10220/10669 10.1080/10962247.2013.763306 171414 en Journal of the air & waste management association © 2013 A&WMA. This is the author created version of a work that has been peer reviewed and accepted for publication in Journal of the air & waste management association, published by Taylor & Francis on behalf of A&WMA. It incorporates referee’s comments but changes resulting from the publishing process, such as copyediting, structural formatting, may not be reflected in this document. The published version is available at: [http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10962247.2013.763306]. application/pdf |
| spellingShingle | DRNTU::Engineering::Environmental engineering::Waste management Zhang, Jiefeng Giannis, Apostolos Chang, Victor Wei-Chung Ng, Bernard Jia Han Wang, Jing-Yuan Adaptation of urine source separation in tropical cities : process optimization and odor mitigation |
| title | Adaptation of urine source separation in tropical cities : process optimization and odor mitigation |
| title_full | Adaptation of urine source separation in tropical cities : process optimization and odor mitigation |
| title_fullStr | Adaptation of urine source separation in tropical cities : process optimization and odor mitigation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Adaptation of urine source separation in tropical cities : process optimization and odor mitigation |
| title_short | Adaptation of urine source separation in tropical cities : process optimization and odor mitigation |
| title_sort | adaptation of urine source separation in tropical cities process optimization and odor mitigation |
| topic | DRNTU::Engineering::Environmental engineering::Waste management |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/10356/96656 http://hdl.handle.net/10220/10669 |
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