| Summary: | The main staple food source of Indonesia�s population is rice. Rice field
require large amount of irrigation water. Rice is classified as plant with waste of
water. The availability of water resource for irrigation has become limited. Research
on �Physiological and Agronomical Aspects of Rice under Saturated Soil Culture
Irrigation System at Inceptisol� was conducted in 3 stages of experiments. The first
experiment was carried out to identified cultivar having good response to the
satutrated soil culture (SSC) system and optimal bed width. The second experiment
was to tudy the physiological and agronomical characters of cultivars having good
response to SSC irrigation system and optimal planting distance. While for the third,
the experiment was done to study water surface depth level in optimal furrow within
each growth phase, irrigation water need, and its efficiency as well. The research was
located at Sidoarum, district Godean, regency Sleman, Yogyakarta. It was held from
April 2010 up to March 2012. Location of the study was region of rice field
development with technical irrigation.
The results showed that among 26 cultivars of rice, the �Cimelati� was the
most responsive cultivar and the �Sarinah� has less responsive. Potential yield of
Cimelati and Sarinah were 25,02 and 21,46 g/plant. The optimal beds width was 4 m
with furrow in both bed sides. Physiological and agronomical characters of rice
showed the increasing values by SSC irrigation system comparing to the rice field
involved leaf area index (LAI), chlorophyll content (a, b, total), prolin content, crop
growth rate (CGR), dry shoot weight, maximum seed, productive seed and grain per
plant. The decreased characters values involved stomata conductivity, transpiration
rate, photosynthesis rate, net assimilation rate (NAR), relative growth rate (RGR),
stomata opening width, relative water content (RWC), plant height, productive tiller
percentage, panicle length, number of grain per panicle, grain content percentage
and grain weight. While for non-changes characters, they involved lighting capture,
leaf weight specific, leaf greenness, leaf stomata density, CO2 content of leaf cells, air
temperature in leaf surface, leaf temperature and humidity, and grains weight per
plant. Characters with largest contribution to the dry weight was CGR, 92,82%
followed by transpiration rate 15.66%, proline content 11.15%, and leaf chlorophyll
9.66%. The optimal planting distance was 20 x 12,5 : 40 cm (as legowo).
The water surface depth of furrow based on beds surface optimum for
vegetative growth phase. In the generative phase required moisture levels higher than
or close to field capacity moisture saturation levels. The optimal water surface depth
of furrow based on beds surface was 0 cm at initial stage of growth (0 - 21 days after
planting), and then 20 cm at active vegetative phase (21 - 60 days after planting), 0
cm for panicle initiation phase (61 - 90 days after planting), and 20 cm for flowering
phase till full grain content (91 - 110 days) with 8,36 t/ha for un-hulled rice
production. The need of irrigation water was 6.371 m3/ha/season, irrigation water
reduction based on rice field technique was 47.39%, productivity of irrigation water
was 1.31 g grain/kg of water, evapo-transpiration efficiency 3.41 g grain/kg water.
The yield of rice with rice field technique was 8.59 t/ha.
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