| Summary: | Researches and literatures showed that prevalence of depression, undetected and
untreated case of depression in primary health care were high. The use of screening
instrument is one of the methods that can improve the detection of depression among
primary health care patients. General Health Questionnaire � 12 (GHQ-12) is one of
the screening instruments that has been adapted and widely used in many countries
and showed satisfactory results in screening depression. Therefore, this study aimed
to validate the GHQ-12 as a screening instrument of depression in primary health
care in Indonesia, Puskesmas. This study used clinical diagnosis made by
psychologist with clinical interview guide, SCID-I, as the gold standard.There were 25
clinical psychologists and 25 nurses from 25 Puskesmas in Sleman, Yogyakarta,
involved in this study. Results showed that GHQ-12 had good diagnostic quality.
Sensitivity, ability to detect positive patients who actually experienced a depressive
disorder, was 77% (GHQ & Likert) or 81% (CGHQ). Specificity, able to detect
negative patients who did not experience depression, was 62% (GHQ), 61% (Likert)
or 63% (CGHQ), AUC value, a reflection of how good the test is at distinguished
between patients with disease and those without disease, was 79% (GHQ dan
CGHQ) 78% (Likert). LR+, probability of an individual with disease having a positive
test, was 2 dan LR-, probability of individual with disease having a negative test, was
0.3. Results also showed acceptable reliability, 0.87 and criterion validity analysis
showed that GHQ-12 scores significantly correlated with depression symptoms (p <
0.05), rxy = 0.649 for GHQ scoring method, rxy = 0.579 for CGHQ scoring method, rxy
= 0.635 for Likert scoring method.
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