| Summary: | Fracture is one of a problem generally found both in human and veterinary practices. In most fracture cases, restoration and fixation are needed to achieve bone reconstruction. In addition, grafting or transplantation sometimes is needed to stimulate bone healing process. Corticosteroid is an anti- inflammation drug used mostly to inhibit inflammation excess post surgery. The objective of this research was to evaluate the safety use of dexamethasone as anti-inflammation drug in femur fracture healing process of rats using bone graft. Thirty two male Wistar rats, 2 months of age were divided into 2 Groups, 16 rats for each. Group I was a fracture group fixed with intramedullar pin without bone graft, whereas Group II was a fracture group fixed with intramedullar pin and demineralized freeze dried bovine bone xenograft (DFDBBX). Group I and II were then divided into 2 groups for each, Group IA, IB, IIA and IIB, 8 rats for each. Group IA and IIA were not injected with dexamethasone, yet Group IB and IIB were injected with dexamethasone 0.5 mg/kg BW/ day intramuscularly. At the end of first week, blood was collected from 8 rats (2 rats for each) of Group IA, IIA, IB and IIB for total leucocytes and blood Ca analysis. Urine was also collected for urine Ca analysis. Rats were then killed to collect the femur for histopathologic analysis using HE staining and immunohistochemistry to analyze the expression of TGFβ-1 using Streptavidin-biotin method. The same sample collection were done at the end of 2, 4 and 8 week respectively. Total leucocytes, blood and urine Ca were analyzed statistically using factorial method 2x2x4, while the histopathologic and immunohistochemistry specimens were analyzed descriptively under microscope based on the alteration of the bones. Statistical analysis of the data showed that dexamethasone increase the concentration of urine Ca (p<0,05), the concentration of blood Ca unsignificantly (p>0,05) affected by dexamethasone but cause calcium homeostatic disorder and the total leucocytes significantly (p<0,05) affected by material graft. Histopathologic analysis of the femur showed that there was an increase of inflammation cells infiltration in fracture area from the group untreated with dexamethasone, whereas the immunohistochemistry analysis showed positive result from all groups. Based on the whole analysis, it can be concluded that although dexamethasone depress inflammation process, it can also disturb fracture healing process.
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