| Summary: | This study aims at (1) describing the rules of the passive voice in
Indonesian and Japanese languages, (2) finding the markers of passive
sentences in Indonesian and Japanese languages, (3) describing the
similarities and differences of passive sentences in Indonesian and Japanese.
The data is collected by the descriptive method. The method of data
analysis is contrastive analysis. The result of data analysis is presented by
method.
Indonesian passivization explained by the change of morphology on the
verb, for example Indonesian language passive using markers di-, ter-, ke-an,
and diri. Meanwhile, Japanese language passivization is described by verbs
and nouns functioning as object in passive sentences. Japanese verbs are
divided into consonant verbs, vowel verbs, and irregular verbs. Passive
sentences in Japanese language are marked by: marker ni + V-areru for
consonant verbs, markers ni + V-areru for vocal verbs, ni + V-areru for
irregular verbs, and ni + yotte V-areru/V-rareru for verbs that is followed as
object inanimate nouns.
There are two kinds of passivization in Indonesian: direct passive using
transitive verbs and indirect passive using intransitive verbs. Similarly there
are two passivization in Japanese: passivization using direct object and
using indirect object. However, the indirect passivization of Japanese can
use transitive verbs or intransitive verbs.
Japanese passive sentences express the completion of an action and
unpleasant meaning. In comparison Japanese passive sentence is not used as
regularly as Indonesian passive, because Japanese passive tends to express
point of view first person.
The difference found in Indonesian passive sentences is that in the
indirect passivization, there is confix di-kan or di-i which has the same
meanings that is: benefactive and lokative. Meanwhile, the difference
between confix di-i and di-kan is that di-i is locative. Japanese passive
sentence markers are V-areru / V-rareru which functions as passive which
cannot demonstrate a causative or locative meaning.
In addition, other difference between passive sentences in Indonesian
and Japanese is that in Japanese it is important to know whether the subject
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