| 總結: | This study describes change in the land tenure system and the Boyolali
peasants� reaction in coping with the change occurred in the beginning of 20th
century. The implementation of land reorganization by Sunan Pakubuwono X due to
the insistence of the colonial government which firstly aimed at promoting the
economic social condition of Boyolali peasants but then turned to raise the social
unrest of the peasants is interesting to study and re-disclose, especially on its
uniqueness.
The subject problem of this study is the policy on reorganization of land
tenure system and the reaction of the peasants in coping with the changing. The
main research question of this study is why the royal government together with the
colonial government reorganized the land tenure system in Boyolali. This study will
apply the historical method taking the time period between 1911 and 1939. The
primary sources used in this study include local and colonial documents,
newspapers, magazines, articles, books collected from the Library of Solo Royal
Palace, Reksopustoko Library, National Library, Gadjah Mada Library, Regional
Library, National Archives, personal collections, and many other more.
The result of the study indicates that land had strategic meaning for Boyolali
population. It was so important in meaning that the authority, both royal and
colonial, attempted to regulate its property rights to gain the advantages from the
land. The Dutch colonial government tried to distance the peasants� relations from
the traditional authority to facilitate aneasy leasing process. The life condition of
Boyolali peasants in the beginning of the years had raised the economic, social, and
political problems. The peasants who had applied the traditional pattern which
placed them as the agent to manage the royal land and to process the land as form of
their loyalty to the direct authoritywere radically imposed to switch to the rationallegal
system and serve to the plantation authority. There was a transition process in
the community which did not have such a strong root that resulted in the social
upheavals. The change in the land ownership status, the emerging plantation, and
the change of primordial bound had raised high elites, the peasants� concerns, and
the nationalism spirit in the beginning of the independence. In the change of the land
tenure system in Boyolali, there were at least three components which played the
important role, namely traditional authority, colonial authority, and population or
peasants.
This study concludes that every single change which is imposed to an
established and strongly-rooted order of community will result in the community
breakdown and anxiety. This is a fertile land to grow social protests which will further
be an explosion of retaliation toward the coercive authority which enforces a new
system in arbitrary.
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