| Summary: | The study was conducted to identify the genetic diversity of sorrel-, black-, and white Bali cows using melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) gene polymorphism and to find out the relationships of color patterns with body size and physiological status of the cattle. The study was conducted in the villages of Pariti and Oeteta, Sulama District, Kupang Regency, East Nusa Tenggara and in the Laboratory of Animal Breeding, University of Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta. The samples were seventeen sorrel-, eighteen black-, and eight white Bali cows, and three Bali bulls. Blood was collected from the samples and used in isolation of DNA, PCR, RFLP, DNA sequencing, statistic vital, rectal temperature, respiration, and pulse, were measured. DNA visualization was by counting genotype and allele frequencies. The body size and physiological status were analyzed statically using descriptive statistics and One Way ANOVA. SPSS version 17 Software was used as the statistical analysis tool. The results showed that: PCR to the MC1R-gene of Bali Cattle-originated-Kupang was at 296 bp. The digestion with MspI-enzyme presented that Bali Bulls, sorrel, white and black Bali cows performed two bands (169 and 36 bp) while the black Bali cows performed 3 bands (296, 169, and 136 bp). Identification of Single Nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from MC1R gene sequencing of Bali cattle-originated-Kupang had found nucleotide changes in 3 SNP, which were p52C>T and p223C>A and p147C>T.
The frequencies of alleles were E = 0,99 and e = 0,01, indicating that Bali Cattle-originated-Kupang is monomorphic. Coat color in Bali cows was not significant to the body length, shoulders height, height of hip, width of hip, the width of head and head index, but significant effect (P<0,05) against chest circumference and head length in white-, sorrel- and black Bali cows, respectively (chest circumference were 155,33 ± 4,64
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