| Summary: | Liquid smoke in liquid form is impractical and easy to deterioration. Therefore, liquid smoke needs to be protected against deterioration by nanoencapsulation. The spray drying technique is widely used to encapsulating bioactive compounds. The aim of this study is to determine the optimum of encapsulant ratio and spray drying process.
Nanocapsules production begins with the mixing of encapsulant (chitosan and maltodextrin) into the liquid smoke then agitated until dissolved. The solution of nanoparticles was heated in a water bath at 45°C for 5 minutes and then homogenized using homogenizer at 4000 rpm for 1 min. Nanoparticle solutions spray dried at various temperatures and feed flow rate. Optimization is accomplished by using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM), and the parameters to be optimized are chitosan concentration, inlet air temperature and feed flow rate of the spray dryer based on total phenolic content. Analysis performed to determine viscosity, pH, phenols staining, total phenolic, total carbonil, total acidity content, encapsulation efficiency, morphology profiles, and particle size distribution.
The result showed that the nanoparticles solution of liquid smoke has a pH ranged between 2.55-2.64 with total soluble solids ranged between 14-14.8 oBrix and viscosity ranged between 8.7-14.9 centipoise (cP). Total phenolic content of nanocapsules ranged between 1.38-2.32 % with an efficiency ranged between 22.25-37.44 %, and water content ranged between 9.56-10.73 % (dry basis). From the optimization, the optimum conditions for the highest value of total phenolic, total carbonyl, and total acidity contents are ranged between 0.11-0.12% chitosan concentration, 139.99-141.73 °C inlet air temperature and feed flow rate 5.29-5.41 mL/min. The results obtained that nanocapsules has spherical and wrinkled shape and average size of nanocapsules size is 29.16 nm.
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