| Summary: | Background: Breast cancer is the leading cause of women cancer mortality and
the morbidity in worldwide as well as in Indonesia. The incidence rate
continuously increases each year therefore breast cancer emerges as one of major
health problems, therefore breast cancer emerges as one of major health problems.
Despite of the fact that the detailed mechanism of breast carcinogenesis is not yet
fully understood, estrogen is believed to play an important role in the development
and progression of breast cancer by inducing cell proliferation and generating
genotoxic metabolites. Estradiol is the main estrogen species produced in women
and estrogen receptor α, encoded by ESR 1 gene, is the main estrogen receptor.
The mixed results on success of anti-estrogen therapy are believed, in one hand,
due to polymorphisms of the ESR 1. Mammographic densities reflect the
differences in the number of stromal, epithelial, and fat tissue. In general,
mammographic densities are equivalent to the cell proliferation, which is thought
to be affected by estrogen. Women with higher mammographic density have
greater risk to suffer from breast cancer.
Objectives: To determine the role of mammographic density, estradiol level, and
ESR1 polymorphisms as predictors of estrogenic factors associated breast cancer
risk in Javanese ethnic population in Indonesia, and to create a model for
calculating breast cancer risk using the percentage of mammographic densities
that subsequently can be used as a reference for prevention as well as intervention
to reduce breast cancer risk.
Methods: We performed an observational study
|
|---|