| Summary: | Background: Children who are in close contact with an adult having pulmonary
tuberculosis (TB) are at increased risk to get the infection. The risk of infection
increases with closeness and duration of contact. Limited studies reported the
relationship of degree of closeness and the risk of TB infection.
Objective: To evaluate closeness of contact as a risk factor of TB infection among
children close contact with adult having pulmonary TB.
Methods: Case-control study conducted in children aged � 15 years in close
contact with smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients during August 2009 -
June 2012. The primary outcome was the risk factor of closeness to TB infection.
Different proportions between the two groups were analyzed with Chi square (X2),
followed by multivariate analysis using logistic multiple regression.
Results: Total of 198 children study subjects, consisting of 100 children infected
with tuberculosis and 98 children who are not infected. In univariate analysis the
index female, sputum smear AFB +3, sleeping in same room, and sleeping in
same bed was statistically significant as a risk factor for TB infection with OR of
1,77 ( CI 95% 1,00-3,11), 3,08 (CI 95% 1,70-5,58), 2,06 (CI 95% 1,15-3,66), 2,49
(CI 95% 1,32-4,70), respectively. In multivariate analysis, sputum smear AFB +3,
sleeping in same bed and nursing was statistically significant as a risk factor for
TB infection with OR of 4,08 (CI 95% 2,13-7,8), 3,08 (CI 95% 1,53-6,20), 1,99
(CI 95% 1,02-3,87), respectively.
Conclusions: Case index with sputum smear AFB +3, sleeping in same bed with
an index case of TB and nursing is a risk factor in children who are close contacts.
Mothers or parents as index case, index female, duration of contact > 9 hours/day,
sleeping in same room, the intimacy of activity including breastfeeding, feeding,
and eating together 3x/day are not associated with TB infection.
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