| Summary: | Introduction : HIV in infants born to mothers with HIV is a major problem in developing countries. There are about 2 million children living with HIV in developing countries, and national data, there were 1,200 HIV positive pregnant women, an estimated in the coming years there will be an increase in the number of new HIV infections in women, so it will result in increased children with HIV infection. In Yogyakarta, until 2012 there was an increase of HIV cases in children each year from 77 cases to 96 cases. Therefore, to reduce the amount of vertical transmission of the introduction of dominant risk factors is very important. The purpose of the study to determine the dominant risk factors associated with the incidence of HIV in children aged 2-5 years of mother with HIV positif in Yogyakarta.
Methods: The research design was an observational analytic study with case control study. Samples were taken by purposive sampling as many as 46 respondents, which consisted of 23 cases and 23 controls with ratio of 1:1. Statistical test used was chi-square and Fisher's exact (bivariate analysis) and Logistic Regression (multivariable analysis).
Result : Bivariate analysis : time of maternal HIV diagnosis after delivery p=0,015 (OR=8 95%CI 1,3-80), mode of delivery p=0,01 (OR=5,18, 95% CI: 1,1-26), breastfeeding in infant p=0,002 (OR=7, 95% CI : 1,4-46,6), number of maternal HIV Viralload p=0,04 (OR=27, 95% CI: 0,7-1566), maternal CD4 cell count p=0,01 (OR=4, 95% CI: 1,06-17,7), provision ARV prophilaxis in infant p=0,05, (OR=0,27, 95% CI: 0,05-1,24), Multivariable analysis: maternal CD4 cell count p=0,016 (OR=6,1, 95% CI: 1,4-27,1), breastfeeding in infant p=0,006, (OR=10,2, 95% CI: 1,9-54,4).
Conclusion: maternal CD4 cell count and breastfeeding in infant is the dominant risk factor, and time of maternal HIV diagnosis after delivery, mode of delivery, number of maternal HIV Viralload, maternal CD4 cell count, time of initial antiretroviral therapy in mothers, provision ARV prophilactic in infant, associated with the incidence of HIV in children aged 2-5 years of mother with HIV positif in Yogyakarta. It is expected that the government can provide CD4 testing facilities, mothers with risk couples to immediately CD4 and avoid breastfeeding infants and research needs of mothers with HIV linkages to health services.
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