| Summary: | Brucea javanica (L.) Merr (Buah Makasar) has been traditionally used by
Indonesian people for various diseases treatments including cancer. Isolation of
bioactive compounds by bioassay guided isolation method and accumulation of its
bioactive compounds in organs Brucea javanica (L.) Merr have not been reported.
Therefore the objective of this study were : 1 ) to identify the structure of toxic
compound of breast cancer cells (T47D cell) and the index selectivity against
breast cancer cells (MCF7 cell) and its effect on normal cells (Vero cell), 2)
reviewing the distribution and accumulation of the most toxic compounds against
breast cancer cells (T47D cell) in generative and vegetative organs of Brucea
javanica (L.) Merr.
The materials used roots, stems, leaves and fruits of Brucea javanica (L.)
Merr taken from Betung Karihun National Park, West Kalimantan. Breast cancer
cell used was T47D cell line. Samples were socletated using chloroform and
methanol and boiled using water. Extracts were tested using cytotoxicity test
performed by MTT assay. Furthermore, the most potent extract with the lowest
IC50 was fractionated by Vaccum Liquid Chromatographi (VLC) method followed
by Thin Layer Chromatographi (TLC). The profile of similar fractions were
combined. The cytotoxicity of the combined fractions were tested by the same
method as previous method, the most toxic fraction was then performed to
Preparative-TLC (PTLC). Isolates were tested for MTT assay test to obtain the
most toxic isolates. The most toxic isolate was then run in the PTLC for the
second times and again tested for the MTT assay. The most toxic isolated of the
second P-TLC were determined using a spectrum of spectroscopic UV, FT-IR,
LC-ESI-ToF-MS, FT-NMR (1H-NMR and 13C-NMR ). Doxorubicine was used as
a reference drug. The index selectivity was determined on breast cancer cells
(T47D cell and MCF7 cell) and normal cells (Vero cell)
The results of the cytotoxicity test of fifteen extracts showed that
chloroform extracts of ripe fruit showed the highest cytotoxic activity : IC50
96.85±0.24 μg/mL. Fractionation resulted in three combined fractions, and the
hexan and chloroform combined fraction showed the highest cytotoxic activity
(IC50 63.32±2.35 μg/mL). PTLC most potent fraction produced three isolates, and
middle isolates showed the highest cytotoxic activity (IC50 47.04±0.69 μg/mL).
PTLC most toxic isolates resulted 2 isolates, and isolates upper produced the most
potent cytotoxic activity (IC50 25.82±0.23 μg/mL). Selectivity index (SI) of upper
isolates on breast cancer cells (T47D cell) (11.3) was greater than SI the breast
cancer cells (MCF7 cell) (2,58). Based on spectral data of LC-ESI-ToF-MS, the
compound had the molecular formula C14H26O2 (m/z 226.355). Molecular
structure elucidation by UV spectra, FT-IR, LC-ESI-ToF-MS, FT-NMR (1HNMR
and 13C-NMR) showed that the compound was tetradecane-4-enoic acid.
The identification of the compound distribution in various plant organs showed
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that tetradecane-4-enoic acid accumulated in the leaves, juvenile fruits and
mature fruits with relative concentration (RC) 6.68%
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