| Summary: | Oil palm (Elaeis quineensis Jacq.) is one of the plantation commodities with high
economic value in Indonesia. One solution to provide oil palm seed is by doing
tissue culture techniques , but occasionally in field it was found abnormality cases
up to 5% of the population, especially in the flowering organs. Analysis at the
DNA level can be used for early detection. The purpose of this study was to do
somaclonal variation detection with specific marker on each stage of in vitro
culture in the laboratory with RAPD and microsatellie and after clones planted in
the field, morphological identification of abnormal male and female flowers, and
determine the influence of environmental factors on palm flowering. The results
showed that somaclonal variation begins in the stage of pre nursery and main
nursery with fresh explants as a positive control and normality marker on primer
OPC-08, OPC-09, OPD-15, SC10-76, SC10-83,OPB-05, W-15, SC10-19.
Markers for normal female flowers are primer F1, F5 and M8. Markers for normal
male flower are primer F2, primer F3, primer F4, primer F5, primer F6, primer
M1, primer M2, primer M4, primer M5, primer M6, primer M7, primer M8,
primer M9 and primer M10. Normal and abnormal female flowers can be
distinguished by the presence of additional carpel in female flowers whereas
normal and abnormal male flowers can be distinguished by the presence of
structures such as abnormal carpel in male flowers. Environmental factors affect
oil palm flowering.
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