| Summary: | Black rice has potential as a source of antioxidants. The results of prevous studies
on rice color abroad indicate differences in the inheritance patterns and the number of
genes that controll the pigment characters of rice. The differences are thought to be
influenced by the choice of parent. This study was conducted to obtain information on the
genetic diversity of the argomorphogenetic properties and the total anthocyanin content
of local black rice, to study the genetic parameters of the pigment characters of rice, i.e
the role of genes and patterns of segregation, to verify the linkage of microsatellite
markers with pigment properties of rice and the effectiveness of DNA marker as Marker
Assisted Selection on several crosses of black rice with white rice. The experiments were
conducted in four stages :1)estimating the genetic diversity and parents selection,
2)establishment of base population through crossing, 3)studying the rice pericarp pigment
inheritance and testing of genetic parameters, and 4)verification and use of microsatellite
markers of pigment characters and application for Marker Assisted Selection of pericarp
pigment. The results of research showed that local of black rice cultivars had broad
genetic variability of total anthocyanin content characteristic, b* color parameter and
the number of filled grains per panicl, whereas plant height, the number of productive
tillers, L* and a * color parameter, leaf width and length, grain length and width, maturity
date had narrow genetic variability. The genetic diversity based on microsatellite markers
(RM 180, RM 220, RM 224 and RM 252) among black rice cultivars was 28.3 % more
than that of white rice cultivars. The grouping based on agromorphogenetic identification
and the total anthocyanin content characteristics yielded 2 black rice cultvars i.e.
Magelang hairless black rice and Cempo ireng and 2 white rice cultivars i.e. Situbagendit
and Inpari 6 selected as parent for artificial crossing. The results of standardized
regression analysis, path analysis, and microsatellite markers applicattion as Marker
Assisted Selection showed that microstaellite markers (RM220 and RM252) linked with
color parameters (L * , a*, b*) and total anthocyanin content. RM 252 microsatellite
marker was effective to be used as a selection tool (Marker Assisted Selection) from
crosses of black rice and white rice. The character of purple pigment at the crossing
between black and white rice was controlled by two mutually complementary dominant
genes with recessive epistasis (ratio 9:3:4) which follow the model of additive � additive
([m][d][i] and dominant � dominant ([m][d][l]) interaction. The action of the gene for the
black pigment of rice was perfect dominant which was directed to the parent with purple
pericarp pigment (black rice).
Key words : black rice, rice pigment, genetics, anthocyanin and microsatellite marker
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