| Summary: | Sodium Lignosulfonate (SLS) is a potential anionic surfactant that used for substituting petroleum sulfonate in Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) process. The abundance and the low cost of raw material and the quality of eco-friendly are the superiority in using SLS as surfactant. One of the limitations of SLS as EOR surfactant is the ability in decreasing interfacial tension (IFT) still low. Therefore, it is necessary improved by modification of SLS.
In this study, there were 2 steps used to improve the ability of SLS (1) it reacted with epoxide compounds and (2) addition of co-surfactant (isoamyl and isopropyl alcohol). Epoxide compound was made from castor oil which had been saponified. Epoxidation reaction was done in 2 steps by in-situ, first step was formation of peroxi acid from acetate acid and hydrogen peroxide and second step was reaction between paracetate acid with soap from risinoleic acid. The reaction was carried out in batch reactor equipped with a stirrer and the temperature variation were 60oC, 70oC, and 80oC in ratio of concentration (CH3COOH/H2O2) were 1 : 0,2, 1 : 0,6, 1 : 1,4 and 1 : 5,1 for 0,5-2 hours.
The result of this study showed that modified SLS surfactant which had lowest value of IFT was produced at the ratio of concentration (CH3COOH/H2O2) 1 : 1,4 with the temperature was 70oC in 1 hour, where the IFT value was 4,99.10-3 mN/m, iodine value was 9,3906 mg I/g AR, and conversion of risinoleic acid was 79,67%. Kinetic study in epoxide reaction was assumed bases on second order reaction model and according to Arrhenius equation, activation energy for k1 and k3 were 0,206 dan 0,220 (J/mol) with frequency of collisions were 750,69 dan 796,876 (L/mol.minute), respectively.
Interfacial tension value was obtained from SLS modification with epoxide compounds was still less than optimal in EOR processing, so that it was needed second step with addition of co-surfactant, isoamyl and isopropyl alcohol. Addition with isoamyl alcohol showed the better result than isopropyl alchohol was 4,75.10-4 mN/m.
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