| Summary: | This thesis aims at understanding the characteristics of the social changes of traditional Muslim school (pesantren) in Tasikmalaya in the first half of the 20th century (1905-1950). The object of the study consist of three reputable traditional Muslim schools in Tasikmalaya: the traditional Mus¬lim school of Suryalaya, Sukamanah, and Cipasung. There are three eras mat the traditional Muslim schools have experienced during the century: the fial phase of Dutch colonialism, Japanese colonialism and post-indepen¬dence physical revolution, to 1950. Each era had different character and uniqueness that the traditional Muslim schools had relatively different re¬sponses.
In reconstructing the history of the traditional Muslim schools in Tasikmalaya, both written and oral historical methods were employed. Writ¬ten historical method included the process of data and fact collecting (heu¬ristic), source criticism, interpretation, analysis, and source employed to complement the limited primary sources about the traditional Muslim schools in Tasikmalaya. Historical-sociological approacth was used to elaborate the social dynamics and changes of traditional Muslim schools in Tasikmalaya. Sociological theory used in this the theory of social changes and modernisation. The former deals with spatial aspects of the events around the object of analysis, while the latter deals with the tie of the object of analy¬sis.
The results of this thesis suggest that the traditional Muslim school in Tasikmalaya in the century had made responsive, adaptive, and selective changes to the external challenges that threaten tradition and existence. The traditional Muslim schools had changed the role and function from a tradi¬tion to a socio-cultural movement. The impact of social changes was the evolutionary development of educational system and improvement of social behaviour of the traditional Muslim school community, while the impact of socio-cultural changes was the participation of the tradirional Muslim school in accelerating teh process of Indonesia's independence, strengthening the identity of the nation.
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