| Summary: | Intisari:Penduduk sekitar Danau Limboto umumnya menggantungkan
kehidupannya pada aktivitas pertanian dan perikanan sebagai sumber kehidupan.
Perubahan lingkungan danau menimbulkan kerentanan sosial dan ekonomi yang
bersumber dari kondisi Danau Limboto yang kritis. Pada akhirnya mereka harus
mampu mengelola sumberdaya yang dimilikinya dengan mengupayakan berbagai
pilihan strategi penghidupan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidup rumah tangganya.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk; (1) mengkaji karakteristik sosial
demografi; (2) mengkaji kerentanan sosial ekonomi; (3) mengkaji aset
penghidupan; (4) mengkaji strategi penghidupan rumah tangga; (5) mengkaji
hubungan antar karakteristik sosial demografi, kerentanan sosial ekonomi, aset
penghidupan dengan strategi penghidupan rumah tangga sekitar Danau Limboto.
Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian gabungan (mixed methods) antara
metode penelitian kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Lokasi penelitian di lima desa sekitar
Danau Limboto Kabupaten Gorontalo. Jumlah sampel 228 rumah tangga petani
dan nelayan. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan daftar pertanyaan yang
selanjutnya dianalisis secara kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Analisis kuantitatif dengan
statistik model persamaan struktural (SEM) software Smart-PLS.
Hasil penelitian menjelaskan: 1) Rumah tangga responden berusia
produktif, usia kawin pertama 25 tahun, jumlah anak 2-4 orang, rata-rata jumlah
anggota rumah tangga 5 orang, tingkat pendidikan dan pendapatan rendah; 2)
Tingkat kerentanan sosial ekonomi rumah tangga di lima lokasi penelitian
bervariasi. Dari segi tekanan ekonomi memiliki tingkat kerentanan sedang
(50,44%), kondisi tempat tinggal kerentanan tinggi (54,82%), konflik sosial
kerentanan rendah (50,88%), dan dampak pengetahuan terhadap perubahan
musim memiliki tingkat kerentanan rendah (51,86%); 3) Aset penghidupan rumah
tangga terdiri dari modal manusia (44,41%), modal alam (34,90%), modal sosial
(40,73%), modal finansial (32,73%), dan modal fisik (39,21%); 4) Strategi
penghidupan petani dan nelayan berbeda-beda, umumnya petani dan nelayan
menerapkan strategi survival (42,40%), konsolidasi (16,68%), dan Akumulasi
(14,08%); 5) faktor sosial demografi (X1), kerentanan sosial dan ekonomi (X2),
dan aset penghidupan (X3) berpengaruh langsung dan signifikan terhadap strategi
penghidupan rumah tangga (Y1) dengan t-statistik > 1,96. Nilai R-square dari
strategi penghidupan (Y1) sebesar 74,85 %.
Strategi penghidupan akan efektif jika penduduk mampu mengolah dan
memanfaatkan aset yang dimiliki untuk keberlanjutan kehidupan, maka
diperlukan program pemberdayaan penduduk sekitar Danau Limboto yang tepat
sasaran, memanfaatkan sumberdaya danau dengan memperhatikan aspek ekologi.
Abstract:For generations, people surrounding the Limboto Lake have depended their
livelihood of farming and fisheries activities as a livelihoods. Environment
changes of the lake has caused social and economic vulnerability. Eventually, they
have to be able to manage their current income and resources by looking at many
alternative livelihood strategies in order to fulfill their household needs.
This research objectives are to: (1) study the social demographic
characteristics; (2) study the social economic vulnerability; (3) study the
livelihood assets; (4) study the livelihood strategy of the households; (5) study the
correlation between socio demographic characteristics, socio economic
vulnerability, livelihood assets, and livelihood strategy of the households
surrounding the Limboto Lake.
This study uses a mixed methods of quantitative and qualitative research
methods. The research sites at the five villages surrounding the Limboto Lake of
Gorontalo District. The sample total sizes consists of 228 farmers and fishermen
household. Data were collected using a questionnaire and then analyzed
quantitatively and qualitatively. Quantitative data analysis with Smart-PLS
Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) statistic software.
The results of research explain that: 1) households are in their productive
age, the first marriage of 25 years age, with 2 to 4 children, the average
dependents in these households are 5 people, the average their education and
income level are low; 2) The level of social and economic vulnerability of
households varied in five research sites. Based on economic pressures the
vulnerability shows medium rate (50.44%), the living conditions have
vulnerability with high rate (54.82%), the social conflicts have low vulnerability
(50.88%), and the knowledge impact on change of season have low vulnerability
rate (51.86%); 3) Household livelihood asset consist of human capital (44.41%),
natural capital (34.90%), social capital (40.73%), financial capital (32.73%) and
physical capital (39.21%); 4) Farmers and fishermen are different, for farmers and
fishermen, survival strategy are mostly implemented (42.40%), consolidation
(16.68%), and accumulation (14.08%); 5) Socio-demographic factors (X1), social
and economic vulnerability (X2), and livelihood asset (X3) direct and significant
impact on household livelihood strategy (Y1) with t-statistic more than 1.96, and
R-square value of a livelihood strategy (Y1) is 74.85%.
Livelihood strategies will be effective if the people are able to process and
utilize their asset to sustain their life, it is necessary to empower the people
surrounding the Limboto Lake appropriately, using the resources of the lake,
considering the ecological aspects.
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