| Summary: | Metal has been the most popular type of medical devices materials (stent, implant, bone plates, wire, screw, etc.) due to its strength, flexibility and biocompatibility. Stainless-steel is being the most common as it is quite cost effective. Other types of metals used include cobalt-chromium, gold, and tantalum. This study was aimed to determine the biological effects of cobalt-chromium and stainless-steel on fibroblast cells and rabbit. The metals used were stainless-steel of SS 316L (Otocompo, Sweden) and cobalt-chromium of CoCr L605 (Remanium Star, Germany). Both metals were powdered. Each of the powder was diluted in culture medium (0.1 mg/1 mL medium). Specimen solution of 100 µL was added into 96 well plates containing fibroblast cells and incubated for 24 h. Cytotoxicity property was determined by MTT method (ISO 10993:12, 2012). The viability of the cells was calculated in percentage. Toxicity studies used 30 male rabbit. The animals were divided into 3 groups (n=10) to be given SS 316L, CoCr L605 and aquadest (control) orally. The animals were observed 7 days then were analyzed for: fatality rate and clinical behavior, organ morphology, and histopathology appearance. The result showed that the average (percentage) of fibroblast cell viability of SS 316 induction was 79.01±0.02, CoCr L605 was 81.46±0.14, and control group (no induction) was 89.87±0.02. The Anova showed p>0.05. There was not any animal death during 7 days observation. None of the animal exhibited any noteworthy findings in clinical behavior, organ morphology, and histopathology appearance. In conclusion, stainless-steel of SS 316L and cobalt-chromium of CoCr L605 did not show any cytotoxic effect and acute toxicity characteristic; therefore, both of the metals were potential to be used as an alternative material for medical devices.
Keyword: cobalt-chromium, stainless-steel, cytotoxicity, acute toxicity
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