Optimization of Emulsification Conditions on Ethanol Extract of Taiwanese Green Propolis Using Polysorbate and Its Immunomodulatory Effects in Broilers
Beeswax and resin are the main components of propolis, both of which are hydrophobic. The use of emulsifiers helps to improve the extraction of active propolis compounds and makes them more widely used. In this study, we investigated the optimal parameters for the emulsification of Taiwanese green p...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI
2022
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://repository.ugm.ac.id/281949/1/animals-12-00446.pdf |
| _version_ | 1826050459946713088 |
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| author | Hsiao, Felix Shih-Hsiang Artdita, Clara Ajeng Hua, Kuo-Feng Tsai, Chia-Jung Chien, Yi-Hsuan Chen, Yue-Wen Cheng, Yeong-Hsiang Yu, Yu-Hsiang |
| author_facet | Hsiao, Felix Shih-Hsiang Artdita, Clara Ajeng Hua, Kuo-Feng Tsai, Chia-Jung Chien, Yi-Hsuan Chen, Yue-Wen Cheng, Yeong-Hsiang Yu, Yu-Hsiang |
| author_sort | Hsiao, Felix Shih-Hsiang |
| collection | UGM |
| description | Beeswax and resin are the main components of propolis, both of which are hydrophobic. The use of emulsifiers helps to improve the extraction of active propolis compounds and makes them more widely used. In this study, we investigated the optimal parameters for the emulsification of Taiwanese green propolis (TGP) using different polysorbates (polysorbate-20, polysorbate-60, and polysorbate-80) and evaluated the effects on the immunomodulatory response in broilers. The results showed that 4 mg/mL of TGP in combination with 2 polysorbate-60 at 60 °C for 60 min significantly decreased the undissolved particle size of ethanol extract of TGP during the emulsification. The bioactive compounds of TGP, the propolins (C, D, F, G, and H), were also detected after emulsification. Supplementation of emulsified TGP (eTGP) in the drinking water of broilers before and after vaccination significantly enhanced the antibody titer response to infectious bronchitis virus at 28 days of age. In the lipopolysaccharide-challenged model, supplementation of eTGP in the drinking water of broilers decreased pro-inflammatory gene expression and increased anti-inflammatory gene expression. These results together suggested that the polysorbate-60 could effectively emulsify the ethanol extract of TGP. Moreover, eTGP could be used as a vaccine adjuvant and an immunomodulator to improve the immune response of broilers. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-14T00:04:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | oai:generic.eprints.org:281949 |
| institution | Universiti Gadjah Mada |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-14T00:04:19Z |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publisher | MDPI |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | oai:generic.eprints.org:2819492023-11-15T07:22:46Z https://repository.ugm.ac.id/281949/ Optimization of Emulsification Conditions on Ethanol Extract of Taiwanese Green Propolis Using Polysorbate and Its Immunomodulatory Effects in Broilers Hsiao, Felix Shih-Hsiang Artdita, Clara Ajeng Hua, Kuo-Feng Tsai, Chia-Jung Chien, Yi-Hsuan Chen, Yue-Wen Cheng, Yeong-Hsiang Yu, Yu-Hsiang Industrial Biotechnology Beeswax and resin are the main components of propolis, both of which are hydrophobic. The use of emulsifiers helps to improve the extraction of active propolis compounds and makes them more widely used. In this study, we investigated the optimal parameters for the emulsification of Taiwanese green propolis (TGP) using different polysorbates (polysorbate-20, polysorbate-60, and polysorbate-80) and evaluated the effects on the immunomodulatory response in broilers. The results showed that 4 mg/mL of TGP in combination with 2 polysorbate-60 at 60 °C for 60 min significantly decreased the undissolved particle size of ethanol extract of TGP during the emulsification. The bioactive compounds of TGP, the propolins (C, D, F, G, and H), were also detected after emulsification. Supplementation of emulsified TGP (eTGP) in the drinking water of broilers before and after vaccination significantly enhanced the antibody titer response to infectious bronchitis virus at 28 days of age. In the lipopolysaccharide-challenged model, supplementation of eTGP in the drinking water of broilers decreased pro-inflammatory gene expression and increased anti-inflammatory gene expression. These results together suggested that the polysorbate-60 could effectively emulsify the ethanol extract of TGP. Moreover, eTGP could be used as a vaccine adjuvant and an immunomodulator to improve the immune response of broilers. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. MDPI 2022 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en https://repository.ugm.ac.id/281949/1/animals-12-00446.pdf Hsiao, Felix Shih-Hsiang and Artdita, Clara Ajeng and Hua, Kuo-Feng and Tsai, Chia-Jung and Chien, Yi-Hsuan and Chen, Yue-Wen and Cheng, Yeong-Hsiang and Yu, Yu-Hsiang (2022) Optimization of Emulsification Conditions on Ethanol Extract of Taiwanese Green Propolis Using Polysorbate and Its Immunomodulatory Effects in Broilers. Animals, 12 (4). |
| spellingShingle | Industrial Biotechnology Hsiao, Felix Shih-Hsiang Artdita, Clara Ajeng Hua, Kuo-Feng Tsai, Chia-Jung Chien, Yi-Hsuan Chen, Yue-Wen Cheng, Yeong-Hsiang Yu, Yu-Hsiang Optimization of Emulsification Conditions on Ethanol Extract of Taiwanese Green Propolis Using Polysorbate and Its Immunomodulatory Effects in Broilers |
| title | Optimization of Emulsification Conditions on Ethanol Extract of Taiwanese Green Propolis Using Polysorbate and Its Immunomodulatory Effects in Broilers |
| title_full | Optimization of Emulsification Conditions on Ethanol Extract of Taiwanese Green Propolis Using Polysorbate and Its Immunomodulatory Effects in Broilers |
| title_fullStr | Optimization of Emulsification Conditions on Ethanol Extract of Taiwanese Green Propolis Using Polysorbate and Its Immunomodulatory Effects in Broilers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimization of Emulsification Conditions on Ethanol Extract of Taiwanese Green Propolis Using Polysorbate and Its Immunomodulatory Effects in Broilers |
| title_short | Optimization of Emulsification Conditions on Ethanol Extract of Taiwanese Green Propolis Using Polysorbate and Its Immunomodulatory Effects in Broilers |
| title_sort | optimization of emulsification conditions on ethanol extract of taiwanese green propolis using polysorbate and its immunomodulatory effects in broilers |
| topic | Industrial Biotechnology |
| url | https://repository.ugm.ac.id/281949/1/animals-12-00446.pdf |
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