| Summary: | The railway in Indonesia is in the development phase, which began with the construction of new railway lines including railway tunnels. On the other hand, Indonesia is located at the �ring of fire� zone with dense geological structures due to the subduction process. The subduction process increases seismic and volcanic activity. This becomes a hindrance for tunnel construction. Seismic activity has the potential to form geological structures while volcanic activity affects the formation of sedimentary rock mass properties. Both of these processes affect rock mass qualities which are described by the RMR parameters. The geological structures in the sedimentary rock will accelerate the weathering process. Weathered rock layers and minor fault appearance are important issues to be considered in the constructions of railway tunnel. This research aims to simulate a horseshoe tunnel model that considers dynamic load on weathered rocks in evaluating tunnel stability and durability. The dynamic load from the subduction zone is calculated using the point source method to estimate the dynamic load affecting the tunnel. In this study, the model uses plain strain idealization with numerical methods to yield a real condition approach. The model analysis is made with Rocscience software by taking into account weathered rock and arching effect. The result shows that subduction activity increases the dynamic load on weathered rocks that will affect tunnel stability and durability. This seismic performance evaluation is an essential study in tunnel construction performance in the future. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
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