| Summary: | Geographically, Indonesia is very wide, and therefore the disparity of stunting is different in rural, urban, or isles (1-3). Subsequently, socioeconomic factors are the main cause of malnutrition (4), while distal factors such as the environment, water access, hygiene, sanitation, and housing are contributing factors (5). The proximate factors are biological aspects such as mother and children characteristics (6). These results showed that the prevalence of stunting and severe stunting children in rural areas was higher than in urban areas, while the HAZ-score for urban children was 1.4 higher than rural children. Also, after controlling for confounding factors, low birth weight, parental stature, and economic income were the risk factors for mild and severe stunting in both urban and rural areas. Furthermore, in rural areas Water and Sanitation Hygiene (WASH) and children’s age were determinant factors of stunting children, while the number of household members was a risk factor for severe stunting children. In urban areas, severe stunting was determined by the number of children. In particular, low birth weight, short parents, and economic income were the most vital risk factors for stunting and severe stunting of children in urban and rural areas.
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