| Achoimre: | This article explores changes in patterns of labor participation in two types of
conflict settings in Indonesia: the insurgency in Aceh and the ethno-religious
conflict in Ambon, Maluku. It brings into view interactions between gender
on the one hand, and religion, age, social class, and ethnicity on the other,
while also taking into consideration regional economies. I show how
intersectional dynamics set in motion by different types of conflict create
different patterns of labor force participation. Women increased their
economic activity in both conflicts but became breadwinners only in a few
specific contexts. Moreover, their increased economic activity was sometimes
experienced as hardship and sometimes as empowerment. After the conflict,
many women in Aceh returned to the domestic sphere in the name of Sharia
law, whereas many in Ambon remained economically active. I argue that
different types of conflict in different economic contexts and the associated
differences in the relationships between gender, religion, age, social class,
and ethnicity help to explain this variation in outcomes.
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