EKSTRAKSI, KARAKTERISASI DAN DAYA PENGHAMBATAN KITOSAN ALAMI TERHADAP JAMUR Colletotrichum musae SECARA IN VITRO = EXTRACTION, CHARACTERIZATION AND INHIBITION TEST OF NATURAL CHITOSAN TO Colletotrichum musae IN VITRO

In order to enhance food safety, the use of chemical pesticides on agriculture must be minimized, especially on postharvest processing. One of the alternative ways is the use of natural chitosan. Chitosan has good prospect as an alternative compound to chemical pesticides to be used on postharvest p...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Perpustakaan UGM, i-lib
Format: Article
Published: [Yogyakarta] : Universitas Gadjah Mada 2009
Subjects:
Description
Summary:In order to enhance food safety, the use of chemical pesticides on agriculture must be minimized, especially on postharvest processing. One of the alternative ways is the use of natural chitosan. Chitosan has good prospect as an alternative compound to chemical pesticides to be used on postharvest processing for agriculture products which are potential as exported commodity, such as banana cv. Ambon Curup, exotic fruit from Bengkulu. The aims of this research were to extract and characf.erize chitosan and to evaluate the inhibition of chitosan to Colletotrichum musae. Methods of experiment were (1) extraction of chitosan, (2) characterization of chitosan, and (3) inhibition test of chitosan to the pathogen in vitro. The parameters observed were the growth and colour of colony, the measurement and density of conidia and the dry weight of mycelium. The result indicated that the texture of chitosan were flake-powder with white-brownish colour, had a little bit odor offish and pH were 7.5-13. The deacetylated degree of chitosan were around 74.27-75.64%. The in vitro test indicated that the kind of chitosan treatments gave no significant effect to the growth and colony colour, the measurement and density of conidia and the dry weight of mycelium. However the concentration of chitosan treatments were significantly effect all parameters. The chitosan on 20 mg/ml could inhibit the colony growth up to 81.20%.jhe conidial density up to 46.5%, the measurement of conidia up to 19.4%, and the dry weight of mycelium up to 59.46%. Chitosan had no effect to the colour of fungal colony. Dalam rangka meningkatkan keamanan pangan, penggunaanpestisida kimiawi dalam bidang pertanian, khususnya pada proses penanganan pascapanen, harus diminimalisir. Salah satu altematifnya adalah penggunaan senyawa alami kitosan yang berasal dari limbah perikanan yang sangat banyak tersedia di Indonesia. Kitosan memiliki prospek yang baik untuk digunakan sebagai pengganti penggunaan pestisida kimiwi dalam proses penanganan pascapanen produk pertanian yang berpotensi ekspor, seperti buah pisang Ambon Curup, yang merupakan buah eksotik dari Bengkulu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengekstraksi dan mengkarakterisasi kitosan dari limbah perikanan, serta mengevaluasi daya penghambatan kitosan terhadap patogen pasca~anen Colletotrichum musae. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan meliputi: (I) ekstraksi kitosan, (2) karakterisasi kitosan, dan (3) uji daya penghambatan kitosan terhadap patogen secara in vitro. Parameter yang diamati adalah luas koloni, wama koloni, kerapatan dan ukuran konidia, serta berat kering miseliumjamur patogen. Dari proses ekstraksi diperoleh kitosan dengan tekstur serpihan-tepung dengan wama putih hingga kecoklatan dan sedikit berbau amis, dengan tingkat keasaman kitosan berkisar 7,5-13. Derajat deasetilisasi kitosan berkisar dari 74,27-75,64% yang berarti semua jenis kitosan memiliki tingkat kemumian yang hampir sarna. Hasil uji in vitro menunjukkan bahwa jenis kitosan tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap luas dan wama koloni, kerapatan dan ukuran konidia, serta berat kering miseliumjamur patogen. Namun perlakuan konsentrasi kitosan berpengaruh nyata terhadap semua parameter pengamatan tersebut. Pemberiankitosan pada konsentrasi 20 mglml mampu menghambat luas koloni patogen hingga 81,20%