| Summary: | The development of archeological sciences is shown by the increase of
researches that focus on human remains. This implies to the new study in archaeology,
bioarchaeology. In general, the scope of the bioarchaeological study relates to three
important aspects, these include approaches in population level, culture, and various
stress indicators that made a pattern on human remains. The last important factor
(stress indicator) is pathological condition, i.e. abnormality that occurs in function,
structure and form of the human skeleton caused by multifactor. Bioarcheological
study tends to focus on population with life style background before and after
agricultural development. Some scholars assume that the development of the pattern
of human life in the past cause various impact in human life. Researches on this topic
explained that the population that lived in this transition era faced various health
problem, these are malnutrition and growth disorder. These health problems can be
found in many part of the world, although the development of agriculture was
independent. The aims of this study are (1) to identify pathological condition on skulls
and teeth of human remains from the prehistoric sites Liang Bua, Lewoleba and
Melolo that lived in agriculture-transition-era and analyzed kinds of pathology related
to the ecological condition and their pattern of life, and (2) to arrange the effort of
conservation that could be necessary to be done on the human remains. The methods
that performed in this study were macroscopy and radiography. Result of this study
shows various pathologies found at the human remains from Liang Bua, Lewoleba and
Melolo. These are porotic hyperostosis, cribra orbitalia, tumor, leprosy, dental caries,
periodontitis, abscess and antemortem tooth loss. These pathological conditions
indicate the transition subsistence to agriculture that affected to the changes of eating
habit. The food was more various, in the term of kind of food and nutrition, but in the
agriculture subsistence, the food tended to be dominated by preference food. This
could be implied to the health condition. Other reasons that assumed as cause of the
quality of health were culture behavior of the people
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