| Summary: | Polyploidization produces plants with larger roots, stems, leaves, flowers
and fruit than diploid plants. This study aims to determine the anatomy of roots,
stems, leaves and plant nutrient content of melon cultivar Melody Gama-1
produced by polyploidization with bio-catharantine.
This study used polyploid and non polyploid melon cultivars Melody
Gama-1 produced by induction using ethanolic leaf extract of periwinkle leaf
(Catharanthus roseus (L) G. Don,) with a concentration of 0.05%. Anatomical
observations were done by making cross section of roots, stems and leaves using
the paraffin method. The anatomical of roots are the root diameter, the cortex
thicknes, the bundle sheat thicknes, and the diameter of the xylem. The anatomical
of stems are stem diameter, the epidermis thicknes, cortex thicknes, the bundle
sheat thicknes, and diameter of the xylem. The anatomical of leaves are thicknes
of the midrib, the bundle sheat thicknes, palisade parenchyma thicknes, spongy
parenchyma thickness, xylem diameter, stomata size, number and index of
stomata, and chlorophyll content. Nutrients content included protein, minerals
(Ca, P, Fe), vitamin C and water content. Observation of the size and distribution
of stomata were preparing epidermal leaves using leaf clearing. Chlorophyll
content was determined using Harbone methods, the protein content was
measured using the Kjeldahl method, the mineral content was measured using the
spectrophotometer method, vitamin C test with iodine titration. Data were
analyzed descriptively and quantitatively. Quantitative data were analyzed using t
test with significant level of 5%.
The results showed polyploid plants have a larger size of organs included
plant height, root length, length and leaf area than control. Anatomically polyploid
plant have larger cell, seen in cortex, epidermis, and xylem. Stomata poplyploid
longer, but the number of stomata fewer and smaller indexes. Chlorophyll,
protein, phosphorus, vitamin C content increased, but the content of Ca, Fe, and
the water decreases.
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