| Summary: | <p>Resorption, degradation, gypsum, carbonated hydroxyapatite, in vivo, in vitro Background. Bone graft implantation was required to treat a patient with extensive bone damage. Synthetic bone graft material is currently being developed to overcome the weaknesses of previous implantation procedure using autograft, allograft, or xenograft. Carbonated hydroxyapatite has shown to accelerate bone healing. Gypsum has the ability to fill the narrow and irregular bone defect area, but this material is too quickly resorbed before the bone tissue grows into the defect. By combining carbonated hydroxyapatite and gypsum, it is expected to produce acomposite that isosteoconductive, capable to fill the narrow and irregular bone defect area through the injectable form, and resorbed by the bodyin accordance with the rate of bone formation. Methods. The study was conducted in vitro by soaking three types of implant materials (gypsum, carbonated hydroxyapatite, and gypsum combination with carbonated hydroxyapatite) with simulated body fluids during the periods of 1,2,3,4,5,6,7, and 8 weeks. In vivo studies were conducted by subcutaneously implanting the materials and in the femoral condyles of Wistar rats with implantation periodsof 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks. Results. The degradation rate of the gypsum and carbonated hydroxyapatite composite was faster than that of CHA but slower than that of gypsum in vitro. In vivo studies on the degradation and resorption rate in soft tissue and bone showed similar patterns to in vitro assays. Conclusion. The gypsum and carbonated hydroxyapatite composite exhibits slower degradation and resorption rate than gypsum in vitro and in vivo, leading to the remaining questions on how to orchestrating the advantages of both materials towards ideal bonegraft properties.</p>
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