KINETIKA HIDROLIS LIGNOSELULOSA DENGAN ASAM SULFAT ENCER DALAM RANGKA PRODUKSI ETANOL
Lignocellulose, as an abundant polysaccharide source, can be converted into ethanol, an alternative energy source. Major steps in producing ethanol from lignocellulosic substance are hydrolysis to produce sugars, fermentation of sugars to produce ethanol, and ethanol purification. This study reports...
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Published: |
[Yogyakarta] : Universitas Gadjah Mada
2011
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| author | , MEGAWATI , Prof. Ir. Wahyudi Budi, S., Ph. D., |
| author_facet | , MEGAWATI , Prof. Ir. Wahyudi Budi, S., Ph. D., |
| author_sort | , MEGAWATI |
| collection | UGM |
| description | Lignocellulose, as an abundant polysaccharide source, can be converted into
ethanol, an alternative energy source. Major steps in producing ethanol from
lignocellulosic substance are hydrolysis to produce sugars, fermentation of sugars
to produce ethanol, and ethanol purification. This study reports the experimental
results of dilute sulfuric acid hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials at high
temperatures and pressures as well as non-isothermal condition. Fermentation was
conducted to verify whether the sugars formed could be converted into ethanol or
not. The hydrolysis kinetic models are important for designing and optimizing
processes. Therefore, this study will develop the kinetics, simple to complex
models (homogeneous, heterogeneous, sugar degradation effect).
The mixture of raw material and sulfuric acid solution was heated in an
autoclave. During the reaction, the temperature was increasing (non-isothermal)
and then was kept constant after reaching a certain value (final temperature). The
raw materials selected are rice husk, twig, corn cob, leaf, sawdust, and mixture of
them. The catalyst concentrations and final temperatures were varied. The
samples were taken at temperature of 140
o
C and every 5 minutes until 35
minutes. The sugar concentration in the samples was analyzed by Fehling method.
Some of hydrolyzates were then fermented using Saccharomyces cerevisiae after
being neutralized and detoxified. The concentration of ethanol produced was
analyzed by Gas Chromatography.
From the experimental results, it is observed that the lignin content of the
raw material influences the sugar yield of the hydrolysis. The highest sugar yield
was obtained from rice husk (26.2%). It seems that the high sugar concentration of
hydrolyzates does not guarantee a high ethanol yield. The various sugar types and
the chemical substance of the sugar degradation affect the ethanol yield from
sugars. The raw material producing the highest ethanol yield is rice husk (83%).
It is found that at low catalyst concentration (0.18 mole/L), the model 1
(homogeneous without sugar degradation) works well only at temperature below
of 180
o
C, while above of 180 °C the model 2 (homogeneous with sugar
degradation) works well. Meanwhile, at high catalyst concentrations (0.37 to 0.55
mole/L), the heterogeneous model is better to describe the kinetics of hydrolysis
than the homogeneous one. The model 4 (heterogeneous with sugar degradation)
works better than the model 3 (heterogeneous without sugar degradation).
Generally, all models proposed can quantitatively describe the hydrolysis kinetics
with different level of accuracy. In addition, the models parameters were obtained
using curve-fitting to the experimental data.
The simple economic evaluation shows that the ethanol production cost is
about Rp 25 100/L. This value is higher than today�s market price of ethanol.
Therefore, the technologies for utilization of lignocellulosic materials into ethanol
need to be intensively developed to obtain the more efficient and cheaper
production. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T22:32:43Z |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:generic.eprints.org:97395 |
| institution | Universiti Gadjah Mada |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T22:32:43Z |
| publishDate | 2011 |
| publisher | [Yogyakarta] : Universitas Gadjah Mada |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | oai:generic.eprints.org:973952016-03-04T08:50:03Z https://repository.ugm.ac.id/97395/ KINETIKA HIDROLIS LIGNOSELULOSA DENGAN ASAM SULFAT ENCER DALAM RANGKA PRODUKSI ETANOL , MEGAWATI , Prof. Ir. Wahyudi Budi, S., Ph. D., ETD Lignocellulose, as an abundant polysaccharide source, can be converted into ethanol, an alternative energy source. Major steps in producing ethanol from lignocellulosic substance are hydrolysis to produce sugars, fermentation of sugars to produce ethanol, and ethanol purification. This study reports the experimental results of dilute sulfuric acid hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials at high temperatures and pressures as well as non-isothermal condition. Fermentation was conducted to verify whether the sugars formed could be converted into ethanol or not. The hydrolysis kinetic models are important for designing and optimizing processes. Therefore, this study will develop the kinetics, simple to complex models (homogeneous, heterogeneous, sugar degradation effect). The mixture of raw material and sulfuric acid solution was heated in an autoclave. During the reaction, the temperature was increasing (non-isothermal) and then was kept constant after reaching a certain value (final temperature). The raw materials selected are rice husk, twig, corn cob, leaf, sawdust, and mixture of them. The catalyst concentrations and final temperatures were varied. The samples were taken at temperature of 140 o C and every 5 minutes until 35 minutes. The sugar concentration in the samples was analyzed by Fehling method. Some of hydrolyzates were then fermented using Saccharomyces cerevisiae after being neutralized and detoxified. The concentration of ethanol produced was analyzed by Gas Chromatography. From the experimental results, it is observed that the lignin content of the raw material influences the sugar yield of the hydrolysis. The highest sugar yield was obtained from rice husk (26.2%). It seems that the high sugar concentration of hydrolyzates does not guarantee a high ethanol yield. The various sugar types and the chemical substance of the sugar degradation affect the ethanol yield from sugars. The raw material producing the highest ethanol yield is rice husk (83%). It is found that at low catalyst concentration (0.18 mole/L), the model 1 (homogeneous without sugar degradation) works well only at temperature below of 180 o C, while above of 180 °C the model 2 (homogeneous with sugar degradation) works well. Meanwhile, at high catalyst concentrations (0.37 to 0.55 mole/L), the heterogeneous model is better to describe the kinetics of hydrolysis than the homogeneous one. The model 4 (heterogeneous with sugar degradation) works better than the model 3 (heterogeneous without sugar degradation). Generally, all models proposed can quantitatively describe the hydrolysis kinetics with different level of accuracy. In addition, the models parameters were obtained using curve-fitting to the experimental data. The simple economic evaluation shows that the ethanol production cost is about Rp 25 100/L. This value is higher than today�s market price of ethanol. Therefore, the technologies for utilization of lignocellulosic materials into ethanol need to be intensively developed to obtain the more efficient and cheaper production. [Yogyakarta] : Universitas Gadjah Mada 2011 Thesis NonPeerReviewed , MEGAWATI and , Prof. Ir. Wahyudi Budi, S., Ph. D., (2011) KINETIKA HIDROLIS LIGNOSELULOSA DENGAN ASAM SULFAT ENCER DALAM RANGKA PRODUKSI ETANOL. UNSPECIFIED thesis, UNSPECIFIED. http://etd.ugm.ac.id/index.php?mod=penelitian_detail&sub=PenelitianDetail&act=view&typ=html&buku_id=52404 |
| spellingShingle | ETD , MEGAWATI , Prof. Ir. Wahyudi Budi, S., Ph. D., KINETIKA HIDROLIS LIGNOSELULOSA DENGAN ASAM SULFAT ENCER DALAM RANGKA PRODUKSI ETANOL |
| title | KINETIKA HIDROLIS LIGNOSELULOSA DENGAN ASAM SULFAT ENCER DALAM RANGKA PRODUKSI ETANOL |
| title_full | KINETIKA HIDROLIS LIGNOSELULOSA DENGAN ASAM SULFAT ENCER DALAM RANGKA PRODUKSI ETANOL |
| title_fullStr | KINETIKA HIDROLIS LIGNOSELULOSA DENGAN ASAM SULFAT ENCER DALAM RANGKA PRODUKSI ETANOL |
| title_full_unstemmed | KINETIKA HIDROLIS LIGNOSELULOSA DENGAN ASAM SULFAT ENCER DALAM RANGKA PRODUKSI ETANOL |
| title_short | KINETIKA HIDROLIS LIGNOSELULOSA DENGAN ASAM SULFAT ENCER DALAM RANGKA PRODUKSI ETANOL |
| title_sort | kinetika hidrolis lignoselulosa dengan asam sulfat encer dalam rangka produksi etanol |
| topic | ETD |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT megawati kinetikahidrolislignoselulosadenganasamsulfatencerdalamrangkaproduksietanol AT profirwahyudibudisphd kinetikahidrolislignoselulosadenganasamsulfatencerdalamrangkaproduksietanol |