| Summary: | Transportation problems in urban area are traffic congestion, air pollution and noise,
queues, delay, provision of parking facilities and the low use of public transportation.
Congestion caused wasteful fuel consumption due to inefficiency, wasted time, pollution and stress, as well as harmful to health. The costs incurred by the society as the result of transportation and the effect of transportation include congestion cost, pollution cost, fuel and energy wasted. Efforts are made to reduce transportation costs and costs due to the impact of transport: implementation of pricing policies, transportation demand management, congestion charging, etc. To suppress the costs above could be overcome by increasing the use of public transport. In Indonesia, the use of private cars grows rapidly while the use of public transport has decreases. The efforts to overcome this problem is applying the congestion charging for private vehicles users that pass through the restricted zone so they will shift to public transport. The aim of this research was to identify the generalized cost, to estimate the
congestion cost for the private car and motorcycle users in central urban areas, to develop the congestion costs model, to develop mode choice model between private vehicles and public transit, and to estimate the impact of implementation of congestion cost in Malioboro, Yogyakarta. The component of generalized cost consists of vehicle operating cost, travel time cost, and pollution cost. Congestion cost is the differentiation of generalized cost in real cost and in free-flow speed conditions. The mode choice preference between passenger cars and bus TransJogja, motorcycles and bus TransJogja was analyzed using a stated preference technique based on rating method and processed by the multiple linear regressions. Transportation modeling was conducted to find the implement impact of congestion charge
in Malioboro to increased road performance with EMME-2 program. Origin-Destination
matrixs being updated by the traffic counting data from survey results in 2009 are processed using SATURN program. Based on the analysis results obtained that the generalized cost per trip in Malioboro area along 1.414 km for private car in actual conditions is IDR 5,615.83, IDR 2,641.93 in free-flow speed condition and IDR 2,880.16 in fast-flow condition. Generalized cost for motorcycles in actual condition is IDR 1,397.53 per trip, IDR 713.19 per trip in free-flow speeds condition and IDR 751.91 per trip in fast-flow condition. The estimation of congestion cost in Malioboro area with the approach (generalized cost differentiation in freeflow
speed and actual condition) for private passenger car user is IDR 2,973.90 per trip
while for motorcycle user is IDR 684.34 per trip. Congestion cost model for motorcycle
users defined in exponential formula as CC = 1,919.3e-0.079V and for private passenger car users defined as CC = 8,003e-0.091V, with CC is the congestion cost per trip and V is the speed in actual condition. The private passenger car user�s proportion which is shift to bus TransJogja as an implement result of congestion cost in Malioboro in the amount of IDR 5500 for the travel purpose to Malioboro is 11.057% and as a through traffic is 10.901%. The motorcycle user proportion of which is shift to bus TransJogja as an implement result of congestion cost in Malioboro in the amount of IDR 3500 for the travel purpose to Malioboro is 8.438% and as a through traffic is 6.479%. The implementation impacts of congestion cost in Malioboro and Ahmad Yani Street are decreasing the value of V/C ratio between 4.13% - 10.54% with the largest percentage occurred in Ahmad Yani Street and increasing the vehicle speeds between 0.42% - 6.32%. The implementation of congestion cost can increase the use of public transit and road performs network.
|
|---|