| Summary: | Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) is one of the most effective materials for intracanal medicament but the use of Ca(OH)2 in the root canal can weaken the endodontic treated tooth. The aim of this study was to compare the alterations in dentine microhardness on the three different segments of root dentine following the use of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) in combination with saline, glycerin, and 2% chlorhexidine digluconate. Twenty seven extracted mandibular first premolars were used in this study. The crowns of the teeth were removed and the canals were prepared with crowndown
technique. Each root was sectioned transversely into cervical, middle and apical segments of 3 mm thickness and then they were mounted on acrylic resin. The specimens were randomly divided into 3 groups of 27 root segments each. Group I consisted of Ca(OH)2 � saline mix, group II Ca(OH)2 � glycerin mix, group III Ca(OH)2 - chlorhexidine digluconate 2% mix. Each group was divided
again into 3 groups consisting of nine root segments each: group A consisted of cervical root segments, group B consisted of middle root segments, and group C consisted of apical root segments. All samples were kept in incubator at 37 ° C for 7 days and then the root canal was irrigated with saline to remove Ca(OH)2. Dentin microhardness was measured with a Vickers Indenter Microhardness Tester before and after treatment and then the differences in dentin microhardness were counted. The results showed that the smallest reduction in dentin microhardness occurs in Ca(OH)2 - chlorhexidine digluconate 2% mix and in the apical root
segment.
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