Photonic controlled metasurface for intelligent antenna beam steering applications including 6G mobile communication systems
This paper presents a novel metasurface antenna whose radiation characteristics can be remotely controlled by optical means using PIN photodiodes. The proposed reconfigurable antenna is implemented using a single radiating element to minimize the size and complexity. The antenna is shown to exhibit...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://repository.londonmet.ac.uk/9082/2/1-s2.0-S1434841123001267-main.pdf https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeue.2023.154652 |
| _version_ | 1825625865150529536 |
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| author | Muqdad, Zainab S. Alibakhshikenari, Mohammad Elwi, Taha A. Hassain, Zaid A. Abdul Virdee, Bal Singh Sharma, Richa Khan, Salahuddin Tokan, Nurhan Türker Livreri, Patrizia Falcone, Francisco Limiti, Ernesto |
| author_facet | Muqdad, Zainab S. Alibakhshikenari, Mohammad Elwi, Taha A. Hassain, Zaid A. Abdul Virdee, Bal Singh Sharma, Richa Khan, Salahuddin Tokan, Nurhan Türker Livreri, Patrizia Falcone, Francisco Limiti, Ernesto |
| author_sort | Muqdad, Zainab S. |
| collection | LMU |
| description | This paper presents a novel metasurface antenna whose radiation characteristics can be remotely controlled by optical means using PIN photodiodes. The proposed reconfigurable antenna is implemented using a single radiating element to minimize the size and complexity. The antenna is shown to exhibit a large impedance bandwidth and is capable of radiating energy in a specified direction. The proposed antenna consists of a standard rectangular patch on which is embedded an H-tree shaped fractal slot of order 3. The fractal slot is used to effectively reduce the physical size of the patch by 75 % and to enhance its impedance bandwidth. A metasurface layer is strategically placed above the patch radiator with a narrow air gap between the two. The metasurface layer is a lattice pattern of square framed rhombus ring shaped unit-cells that are interconnected by PIN photodiodes. The metasurface layer essentially acts like a superstrate when exposed to RF/microwave radiation. Placed below the patch antenna is a conductive layer that acts like a reflector to enhance the front-toback ratio by blocking radiation from the backside of the patch radiator. The patch’s main beam can be precisely controlled by photonically illuminating the metasurface layer. The antenna’s performance was modelled and analyzed with a commercial 3D electromagnetic solver. The antenna was fabricated on a standard dielectric substrate FR4 and has dimensions of 0.778λo × 0.778λo × 0.25λo mm3, where λo is the wavelength of free space centered at 1.35 GHz. Measured results confirm the antenna’s performance. The antenna exhibits a wide fractional band of 55.5% from 0.978 to 1.73 GHz for reflection-coefficient (S11) better than −10 dB. It has a maximum gain of 9 dBi at 1.35 GHz with a maximum front-to-back ratio (F/B) of 21 dBi. The main beam can be steered in the elevation plane from − 24◦ to +24◦. The advantage of the proposed antenna is it does not require any mechanical movements or complicated electronic systems. |
| first_indexed | 2024-07-09T04:07:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | oai:repository.londonmet.ac.uk:9082 |
| institution | London Metropolitan University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-07-09T04:07:43Z |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | eprints |
| spelling | oai:repository.londonmet.ac.uk:90822024-01-22T09:52:13Z https://repository.londonmet.ac.uk/9082/ Photonic controlled metasurface for intelligent antenna beam steering applications including 6G mobile communication systems Muqdad, Zainab S. Alibakhshikenari, Mohammad Elwi, Taha A. Hassain, Zaid A. Abdul Virdee, Bal Singh Sharma, Richa Khan, Salahuddin Tokan, Nurhan Türker Livreri, Patrizia Falcone, Francisco Limiti, Ernesto 600 Technology 620 Engineering & allied operations This paper presents a novel metasurface antenna whose radiation characteristics can be remotely controlled by optical means using PIN photodiodes. The proposed reconfigurable antenna is implemented using a single radiating element to minimize the size and complexity. The antenna is shown to exhibit a large impedance bandwidth and is capable of radiating energy in a specified direction. The proposed antenna consists of a standard rectangular patch on which is embedded an H-tree shaped fractal slot of order 3. The fractal slot is used to effectively reduce the physical size of the patch by 75 % and to enhance its impedance bandwidth. A metasurface layer is strategically placed above the patch radiator with a narrow air gap between the two. The metasurface layer is a lattice pattern of square framed rhombus ring shaped unit-cells that are interconnected by PIN photodiodes. The metasurface layer essentially acts like a superstrate when exposed to RF/microwave radiation. Placed below the patch antenna is a conductive layer that acts like a reflector to enhance the front-toback ratio by blocking radiation from the backside of the patch radiator. The patch’s main beam can be precisely controlled by photonically illuminating the metasurface layer. The antenna’s performance was modelled and analyzed with a commercial 3D electromagnetic solver. The antenna was fabricated on a standard dielectric substrate FR4 and has dimensions of 0.778λo × 0.778λo × 0.25λo mm3, where λo is the wavelength of free space centered at 1.35 GHz. Measured results confirm the antenna’s performance. The antenna exhibits a wide fractional band of 55.5% from 0.978 to 1.73 GHz for reflection-coefficient (S11) better than −10 dB. It has a maximum gain of 9 dBi at 1.35 GHz with a maximum front-to-back ratio (F/B) of 21 dBi. The main beam can be steered in the elevation plane from − 24◦ to +24◦. The advantage of the proposed antenna is it does not require any mechanical movements or complicated electronic systems. Elsevier 2023-04-20 Article PeerReviewed text en cc_by_4 https://repository.londonmet.ac.uk/9082/2/1-s2.0-S1434841123001267-main.pdf Muqdad, Zainab S., Alibakhshikenari, Mohammad, Elwi, Taha A., Hassain, Zaid A. Abdul, Virdee, Bal Singh, Sharma, Richa, Khan, Salahuddin, Tokan, Nurhan Türker, Livreri, Patrizia, Falcone, Francisco and Limiti, Ernesto (2023) Photonic controlled metasurface for intelligent antenna beam steering applications including 6G mobile communication systems. International Journal of Electronics and Communications, 166 (154652). pp. 1-18. ISSN 1434-8411 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1434841123001267 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeue.2023.154652 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeue.2023.154652 |
| spellingShingle | 600 Technology 620 Engineering & allied operations Muqdad, Zainab S. Alibakhshikenari, Mohammad Elwi, Taha A. Hassain, Zaid A. Abdul Virdee, Bal Singh Sharma, Richa Khan, Salahuddin Tokan, Nurhan Türker Livreri, Patrizia Falcone, Francisco Limiti, Ernesto Photonic controlled metasurface for intelligent antenna beam steering applications including 6G mobile communication systems |
| title | Photonic controlled metasurface for intelligent antenna beam steering applications including 6G mobile communication systems |
| title_full | Photonic controlled metasurface for intelligent antenna beam steering applications including 6G mobile communication systems |
| title_fullStr | Photonic controlled metasurface for intelligent antenna beam steering applications including 6G mobile communication systems |
| title_full_unstemmed | Photonic controlled metasurface for intelligent antenna beam steering applications including 6G mobile communication systems |
| title_short | Photonic controlled metasurface for intelligent antenna beam steering applications including 6G mobile communication systems |
| title_sort | photonic controlled metasurface for intelligent antenna beam steering applications including 6g mobile communication systems |
| topic | 600 Technology 620 Engineering & allied operations |
| url | https://repository.londonmet.ac.uk/9082/2/1-s2.0-S1434841123001267-main.pdf https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeue.2023.154652 |
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