Ultrasound-compatible 3D-printed Franz diffusion system for sonophoresis with microbubbles
Sonophoresis is a topical drug delivery approach that utilises ultrasound as a physical stimulus to enhance permeation of active pharmaceutical ingredients through the skin. Only limited research has however been conducted to evaluate the potential of ultrasound-responsive drug carriers, such as gas...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English English |
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Elsevier
2024
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| Online Access: | https://repository.londonmet.ac.uk/9697/1/1-s2.0-S0378517324009839-main.pdf https://repository.londonmet.ac.uk/9697/2/pagination_IJP_124749.pdf |
| _version_ | 1824446488459083776 |
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| author | Chen, Xin De Grandi, Davide Zhu, Yonglian Lutheryn, Gareth Lane, Majella E. Sil dos Santos, Bruno Carugo, Dario |
| author_facet | Chen, Xin De Grandi, Davide Zhu, Yonglian Lutheryn, Gareth Lane, Majella E. Sil dos Santos, Bruno Carugo, Dario |
| author_sort | Chen, Xin |
| collection | LMU |
| description | Sonophoresis is a topical drug delivery approach that utilises ultrasound as a physical stimulus to enhance permeation of active pharmaceutical ingredients through the skin. Only limited research has however been conducted to evaluate the potential of ultrasound-responsive drug carriers, such as gas microbubbles, in sonophoresis. Franz diffusion cells have been extensively used for measuring drug permeation in vitro; however, traditional systems lack compatibility with ultrasound and only limited characterisation of their acoustical behaviour has been carried out in previous research. To overcome this limitation, we designed and manufactured a novel Franz cell donor compartment coupled with a conventional glass receptor, and performed a functional characterisation of the assembly for application in sonophoresis with ultrasound-responsive agents (specifically imiquimod-loaded gas microbubbles). The donor was fabricated using a photoreactive resin via 3D printing and was designed to enable integration with a therapeutically relevant ultrasound source. The assembly was capable of effectively retaining liquids during prolonged incubation and the absorption of imiquimod onto the 3D-printed material was comparable to the one of glass. Moreover, a predictable ultrasound field could be generated at a target surface without any significant spatial distortion. Finally, we demonstrated applicability of the developed assembly in sonophoresis experiments with StratM®, wherein ultrasound stimulation in the presence of microbubbles resulted in significantly enhanced drug permeation through and partitioning within the membrane (2.96 ± 0.25 μg and 3.84 ± 0.39 μg) compared to passive diffusion alone (1.74 ± 0.29 μg and 2.29 ± 0.32 μg), over 24 h. |
| first_indexed | 2025-02-19T01:15:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | oai:repository.londonmet.ac.uk:9697 |
| institution | London Metropolitan University |
| language | English English |
| last_indexed | 2025-02-19T01:15:57Z |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | eprints |
| spelling | oai:repository.londonmet.ac.uk:96972024-09-30T14:46:30Z https://repository.londonmet.ac.uk/9697/ Ultrasound-compatible 3D-printed Franz diffusion system for sonophoresis with microbubbles Chen, Xin De Grandi, Davide Zhu, Yonglian Lutheryn, Gareth Lane, Majella E. Sil dos Santos, Bruno Carugo, Dario 540 Chemistry & allied sciences Sonophoresis is a topical drug delivery approach that utilises ultrasound as a physical stimulus to enhance permeation of active pharmaceutical ingredients through the skin. Only limited research has however been conducted to evaluate the potential of ultrasound-responsive drug carriers, such as gas microbubbles, in sonophoresis. Franz diffusion cells have been extensively used for measuring drug permeation in vitro; however, traditional systems lack compatibility with ultrasound and only limited characterisation of their acoustical behaviour has been carried out in previous research. To overcome this limitation, we designed and manufactured a novel Franz cell donor compartment coupled with a conventional glass receptor, and performed a functional characterisation of the assembly for application in sonophoresis with ultrasound-responsive agents (specifically imiquimod-loaded gas microbubbles). The donor was fabricated using a photoreactive resin via 3D printing and was designed to enable integration with a therapeutically relevant ultrasound source. The assembly was capable of effectively retaining liquids during prolonged incubation and the absorption of imiquimod onto the 3D-printed material was comparable to the one of glass. Moreover, a predictable ultrasound field could be generated at a target surface without any significant spatial distortion. Finally, we demonstrated applicability of the developed assembly in sonophoresis experiments with StratM®, wherein ultrasound stimulation in the presence of microbubbles resulted in significantly enhanced drug permeation through and partitioning within the membrane (2.96 ± 0.25 μg and 3.84 ± 0.39 μg) compared to passive diffusion alone (1.74 ± 0.29 μg and 2.29 ± 0.32 μg), over 24 h. Elsevier 2024-09-29 Article PeerReviewed text en cc_by_4 https://repository.londonmet.ac.uk/9697/1/1-s2.0-S0378517324009839-main.pdf text en https://repository.londonmet.ac.uk/9697/2/pagination_IJP_124749.pdf Chen, Xin, De Grandi, Davide, Zhu, Yonglian, Lutheryn, Gareth, Lane, Majella E., Sil dos Santos, Bruno and Carugo, Dario (2024) Ultrasound-compatible 3D-printed Franz diffusion system for sonophoresis with microbubbles. International journal of pharmaceutics, 666 (124749). pp. 1-12. ISSN 0378-5173 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378517324009839 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124749 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124749 |
| spellingShingle | 540 Chemistry & allied sciences Chen, Xin De Grandi, Davide Zhu, Yonglian Lutheryn, Gareth Lane, Majella E. Sil dos Santos, Bruno Carugo, Dario Ultrasound-compatible 3D-printed Franz diffusion system for sonophoresis with microbubbles |
| title | Ultrasound-compatible 3D-printed Franz diffusion system for sonophoresis with microbubbles |
| title_full | Ultrasound-compatible 3D-printed Franz diffusion system for sonophoresis with microbubbles |
| title_fullStr | Ultrasound-compatible 3D-printed Franz diffusion system for sonophoresis with microbubbles |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ultrasound-compatible 3D-printed Franz diffusion system for sonophoresis with microbubbles |
| title_short | Ultrasound-compatible 3D-printed Franz diffusion system for sonophoresis with microbubbles |
| title_sort | ultrasound compatible 3d printed franz diffusion system for sonophoresis with microbubbles |
| topic | 540 Chemistry & allied sciences |
| url | https://repository.londonmet.ac.uk/9697/1/1-s2.0-S0378517324009839-main.pdf https://repository.londonmet.ac.uk/9697/2/pagination_IJP_124749.pdf |
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