| Ամփոփում: | This paper highlights and critically reflects on some of the most significant technological and societal influences on GIScience over the last 20 years, or since its inception. For the purpose of this book, which in the following chapters begins to sketch out likely paths for future directions of GIScience, one conclusion of this chapter can be taken for granted: In the next 20 years again significant external factors from technology and society will shape GIScience. This paper summarizes the discussions related a panel on the topic at the 2015 Vespucci Institute. The panel in Bar Harbor, moderated by Stephan Winter, included two invited presentations (by Xavier Lopez and Francis Harvey), and responses by two early career panelists (Benjamin D. Hennig and Myeong-Hun Jeong), and by two senior panelists (Tim Trainor and Sabine Timpf).
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