Splenic T1-mapping: a novel quantitative method for assessing adenosine stress adequacy for cardiovascular magnetic resonance
BACKGROUND: Perfusion cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) performed with inadequate adenosine stress leads to false-negative results and suboptimal clinical management. The recently proposed marker of adequate stress, the "splenic switch-off" sign, detects splenic blood flow attenuatio...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Journal article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BioMed Central
2017
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| _version_ | 1826256949325332480 |
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| author | Liu, A Wijesurendra, R Ariga, R Mahmod, M Levelt, E Greiser, A Petrou, M Krasopoulos, G Forfar, J Kharbanda, R Channon, K Neubauer, S Piechnik, S Ferreira, V |
| author_facet | Liu, A Wijesurendra, R Ariga, R Mahmod, M Levelt, E Greiser, A Petrou, M Krasopoulos, G Forfar, J Kharbanda, R Channon, K Neubauer, S Piechnik, S Ferreira, V |
| author_sort | Liu, A |
| collection | OXFORD |
| description | BACKGROUND: Perfusion cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) performed with inadequate adenosine stress leads to false-negative results and suboptimal clinical management. The recently proposed marker of adequate stress, the "splenic switch-off" sign, detects splenic blood flow attenuation during stress perfusion (spleen appears dark), but can only be assessed after gadolinium first-pass, when it is too late to optimize the stress response. Reduction in splenic blood volume during adenosine stress is expected to shorten native splenic T1, which may predict splenic switch-off without the need for gadolinium. METHODS: Two-hundred and twelve subjects underwent adenosine stress CMR: 1.5 T (n = 104; 75 patients, 29 healthy controls); 3 T (n = 108; 86 patients, 22 healthy controls). Native T1spleen was assessed using heart-rate-independent ShMOLLI prototype sequence at rest and during adenosine stress (140 μg/kg/min, 4 min, IV) in 3 short-axis slices (basal, mid-ventricular, apical). This was compared with changes in peak splenic perfusion signal intensity (ΔSIspleen) and the "splenic switch-off" sign on conventional stress/rest gadolinium perfusion imaging. T1spleen values were obtained blinded to perfusion ΔSIspleen, both were derived using regions of interest carefully placed to avoid artefacts and partial-volume effects. RESULTS: Normal resting splenic T1 values were 1102 ± 66 ms (1.5 T) and 1352 ± 114 ms (3 T), slightly higher than in patients (1083 ± 59 ms, p = 0.04; 1295 ± 105 ms, p = 0.01, respectively). T1spleen decreased significantly during adenosine stress (mean ΔT1spleen ~ -40 ms), independent of field strength, age, gender, and cardiovascular diseases. While ΔT1spleen correlated strongly with ΔSIspleen (rho = 0.70, p < 0.0001); neither indices showed significant correlations with conventional hemodynamic markers (rate pressure product) during stress. By ROC analysis, a ΔT1spleen threshold of ≥ -30 ms during stress predicted the "splenic switch-off" sign (AUC 0.90, p < 0.0001) with sensitivity (90%), specificity (88%), accuracy (90%), PPV (98%), NPV (42%). CONCLUSIONS: Adenosine stress and rest splenic T1-mapping is a novel method for assessing stress responses, independent of conventional hemodynamic parameters. It enables prediction of the visual "splenic switch-off" sign without the need for gadolinium, and correlates well to changes in splenic signal intensity during stress/rest perfusion imaging. ΔT1spleen holds promise to facilitate optimization of stress responses before gadolinium first-pass perfusion CMR. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-06T18:10:23Z |
| format | Journal article |
| id | oxford-uuid:02ceaf8e-24b8-4893-ab20-cde97ea7e819 |
| institution | University of Oxford |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-06T18:10:23Z |
| publishDate | 2017 |
| publisher | BioMed Central |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | oxford-uuid:02ceaf8e-24b8-4893-ab20-cde97ea7e8192022-03-26T08:42:49ZSplenic T1-mapping: a novel quantitative method for assessing adenosine stress adequacy for cardiovascular magnetic resonanceJournal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_dcae04bcuuid:02ceaf8e-24b8-4893-ab20-cde97ea7e819EnglishSymplectic Elements at OxfordBioMed Central2017Liu, AWijesurendra, RAriga, RMahmod, MLevelt, EGreiser, APetrou, MKrasopoulos, GForfar, JKharbanda, RChannon, KNeubauer, SPiechnik, SFerreira, VBACKGROUND: Perfusion cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) performed with inadequate adenosine stress leads to false-negative results and suboptimal clinical management. The recently proposed marker of adequate stress, the "splenic switch-off" sign, detects splenic blood flow attenuation during stress perfusion (spleen appears dark), but can only be assessed after gadolinium first-pass, when it is too late to optimize the stress response. Reduction in splenic blood volume during adenosine stress is expected to shorten native splenic T1, which may predict splenic switch-off without the need for gadolinium. METHODS: Two-hundred and twelve subjects underwent adenosine stress CMR: 1.5 T (n = 104; 75 patients, 29 healthy controls); 3 T (n = 108; 86 patients, 22 healthy controls). Native T1spleen was assessed using heart-rate-independent ShMOLLI prototype sequence at rest and during adenosine stress (140 μg/kg/min, 4 min, IV) in 3 short-axis slices (basal, mid-ventricular, apical). This was compared with changes in peak splenic perfusion signal intensity (ΔSIspleen) and the "splenic switch-off" sign on conventional stress/rest gadolinium perfusion imaging. T1spleen values were obtained blinded to perfusion ΔSIspleen, both were derived using regions of interest carefully placed to avoid artefacts and partial-volume effects. RESULTS: Normal resting splenic T1 values were 1102 ± 66 ms (1.5 T) and 1352 ± 114 ms (3 T), slightly higher than in patients (1083 ± 59 ms, p = 0.04; 1295 ± 105 ms, p = 0.01, respectively). T1spleen decreased significantly during adenosine stress (mean ΔT1spleen ~ -40 ms), independent of field strength, age, gender, and cardiovascular diseases. While ΔT1spleen correlated strongly with ΔSIspleen (rho = 0.70, p < 0.0001); neither indices showed significant correlations with conventional hemodynamic markers (rate pressure product) during stress. By ROC analysis, a ΔT1spleen threshold of ≥ -30 ms during stress predicted the "splenic switch-off" sign (AUC 0.90, p < 0.0001) with sensitivity (90%), specificity (88%), accuracy (90%), PPV (98%), NPV (42%). CONCLUSIONS: Adenosine stress and rest splenic T1-mapping is a novel method for assessing stress responses, independent of conventional hemodynamic parameters. It enables prediction of the visual "splenic switch-off" sign without the need for gadolinium, and correlates well to changes in splenic signal intensity during stress/rest perfusion imaging. ΔT1spleen holds promise to facilitate optimization of stress responses before gadolinium first-pass perfusion CMR. |
| spellingShingle | Liu, A Wijesurendra, R Ariga, R Mahmod, M Levelt, E Greiser, A Petrou, M Krasopoulos, G Forfar, J Kharbanda, R Channon, K Neubauer, S Piechnik, S Ferreira, V Splenic T1-mapping: a novel quantitative method for assessing adenosine stress adequacy for cardiovascular magnetic resonance |
| title | Splenic T1-mapping: a novel quantitative method for assessing adenosine stress adequacy for cardiovascular magnetic resonance |
| title_full | Splenic T1-mapping: a novel quantitative method for assessing adenosine stress adequacy for cardiovascular magnetic resonance |
| title_fullStr | Splenic T1-mapping: a novel quantitative method for assessing adenosine stress adequacy for cardiovascular magnetic resonance |
| title_full_unstemmed | Splenic T1-mapping: a novel quantitative method for assessing adenosine stress adequacy for cardiovascular magnetic resonance |
| title_short | Splenic T1-mapping: a novel quantitative method for assessing adenosine stress adequacy for cardiovascular magnetic resonance |
| title_sort | splenic t1 mapping a novel quantitative method for assessing adenosine stress adequacy for cardiovascular magnetic resonance |
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