Effects of environmental pH and calcium on ammonia toxicity in channel catfish
The 24-hour median lethal concentrations (24-hour LC50) of total ammonia nitrogen (TA-N) to channel catfish (Ictalarus punctatus) at pH 7, 8, and 9 (total hardness, 40 mg/l; temperature, 21-25 C) were 263.6 ± 11.3 (SE), 38.8 ± 1.8, and 4.5 ± 0.2 mg/l, respectively. The 24-hour LC50 of un-ionized amm...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Journal article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
1980
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