| Summary: | Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common subtype of mature B-cell lymphoma. While the majority of patients are cured with immunochemotherapy incorporating the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab (R-CHOP), relapsed and refractory patients still have a dismal prognosis. DLBCL subtypes including an aggressive activated B-cell-like (ABC) and a more favourable prognosis germinal centre-like (GCB) DLBCL have been identified by gene expression profiling and are characterised by distinct genetic abnormalities and oncogenic pathways. This identification of novel molecular targets is now enabling clinical trials to evaluate more effective personalised approaches to DLBCL therapy. The forkhead transcription factor FOXP1 is highly expressed in the ABC-DLBCL gene signature and has been extensively studied within the context of DLBCL for more than a decade. Here we review the significance of FOXP1 in the pathogenesis of DLBCL, summarising data supporting its utility as a prognostic and subtyping marker, its targeting by genetic aberrations, the importance of specific isoforms, and emerging data demonstrating a functional role in lymphoma biology. FOXP1 is one of the critical transcription factors whose deregulated expression makes important contributions to DLBCL pathogenesis. Thus FOXP1 warrants further study as a potential theranostic in ABC-DLBCL.
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