Induction of long-lived germinal centers associated with persisting antigen after viral infection.
Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) induces an early T cell-independent neutralizing lgM response that is followed by a long-lived, T cell-dependent lgG response. We used the specific amplification factor of several 100x of VSV-virions for immunohistology to analyze the localization of VSV-specific B c...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Journal article |
| Language: | English |
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1996
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| _version_ | 1797053624243716096 |
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| author | Bachmann, M Odermatt, B Hengartner, H Zinkernagel, R |
| author_facet | Bachmann, M Odermatt, B Hengartner, H Zinkernagel, R |
| author_sort | Bachmann, M |
| collection | OXFORD |
| description | Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) induces an early T cell-independent neutralizing lgM response that is followed by a long-lived, T cell-dependent lgG response. We used the specific amplification factor of several 100x of VSV-virions for immunohistology to analyze the localization of VSV-specific B cells at different time points after immunization. At the peak of the IgM response (day 4), VSV-specific B cells were predominantly present in the red pulp and marginal zone but not in the T area. These B cells were mostly stained in the cytoplasm, characterizing them as antibody secreting cells. By day 6 after immunization, germinal centers (GC) containing surface-stained VSV-specific B cells became detectable and were fully established by day 12. At the same time, large VSV-specific B cell aggregates were present in the red pulp. High numbers of VSV-specific GC associated with persisting antigen were present 1 mo after immunization and later, i.e., considerably longer than has been observed for haptens. Some GC, exhibiting follicular dendritic cells and containing VSV-specific, proliferating B cells were still detectable up to 100 d after immunization. Long-lived GC were also observed after immunization with recombinant VSV-glycoprotein in absence of adjuvants. Thus some anti-virally protective (memory) B cells are cycling and locally proliferate in long-lived GC in association with persisting antigen and therefore seem responsible for long-term maintenance of elevated antibody levels. These observations extend earlier studies with carrier hapten antigens in adjuvant depots or complexed with specific IgG; they are the first to show colocalization of antigen and specific memory B cells and to analyze a protective neutralizing antibody response against an acute viral infection. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-06T18:46:16Z |
| format | Journal article |
| id | oxford-uuid:0ea1c663-2364-41e1-a39b-d10bd9090cdf |
| institution | University of Oxford |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-06T18:46:16Z |
| publishDate | 1996 |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | oxford-uuid:0ea1c663-2364-41e1-a39b-d10bd9090cdf2022-03-26T09:46:52ZInduction of long-lived germinal centers associated with persisting antigen after viral infection.Journal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_dcae04bcuuid:0ea1c663-2364-41e1-a39b-d10bd9090cdfEnglishSymplectic Elements at Oxford1996Bachmann, MOdermatt, BHengartner, HZinkernagel, RVesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) induces an early T cell-independent neutralizing lgM response that is followed by a long-lived, T cell-dependent lgG response. We used the specific amplification factor of several 100x of VSV-virions for immunohistology to analyze the localization of VSV-specific B cells at different time points after immunization. At the peak of the IgM response (day 4), VSV-specific B cells were predominantly present in the red pulp and marginal zone but not in the T area. These B cells were mostly stained in the cytoplasm, characterizing them as antibody secreting cells. By day 6 after immunization, germinal centers (GC) containing surface-stained VSV-specific B cells became detectable and were fully established by day 12. At the same time, large VSV-specific B cell aggregates were present in the red pulp. High numbers of VSV-specific GC associated with persisting antigen were present 1 mo after immunization and later, i.e., considerably longer than has been observed for haptens. Some GC, exhibiting follicular dendritic cells and containing VSV-specific, proliferating B cells were still detectable up to 100 d after immunization. Long-lived GC were also observed after immunization with recombinant VSV-glycoprotein in absence of adjuvants. Thus some anti-virally protective (memory) B cells are cycling and locally proliferate in long-lived GC in association with persisting antigen and therefore seem responsible for long-term maintenance of elevated antibody levels. These observations extend earlier studies with carrier hapten antigens in adjuvant depots or complexed with specific IgG; they are the first to show colocalization of antigen and specific memory B cells and to analyze a protective neutralizing antibody response against an acute viral infection. |
| spellingShingle | Bachmann, M Odermatt, B Hengartner, H Zinkernagel, R Induction of long-lived germinal centers associated with persisting antigen after viral infection. |
| title | Induction of long-lived germinal centers associated with persisting antigen after viral infection. |
| title_full | Induction of long-lived germinal centers associated with persisting antigen after viral infection. |
| title_fullStr | Induction of long-lived germinal centers associated with persisting antigen after viral infection. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Induction of long-lived germinal centers associated with persisting antigen after viral infection. |
| title_short | Induction of long-lived germinal centers associated with persisting antigen after viral infection. |
| title_sort | induction of long lived germinal centers associated with persisting antigen after viral infection |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT bachmannm inductionoflonglivedgerminalcentersassociatedwithpersistingantigenafterviralinfection AT odermattb inductionoflonglivedgerminalcentersassociatedwithpersistingantigenafterviralinfection AT hengartnerh inductionoflonglivedgerminalcentersassociatedwithpersistingantigenafterviralinfection AT zinkernagelr inductionoflonglivedgerminalcentersassociatedwithpersistingantigenafterviralinfection |