| Summary: | Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) is characterized by difficulties in acquiring one’s native language for no apparent reason. While DLD is a common developmental disorder, its neural basis is poorly understood. In this chapter, the authors will provide an overview of neuroimaging studies that investigated brain function and structure of children with DLD using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Under-activation in the left fronto-temporal cortex during language processing, atypical grey matter structure in the basal ganglia, and microstructural differences in dorsal fronto-temporal white matter connections are among the more consistent literature findings, although the overall picture that emerges is far from complete. The authors conclude that, moving forward, the field needs a paradigm shift from studies attempting to find a one-to-one brain region-to-behavior mapping to large-scale studies and approaches that take into consideration the brain as a network as well as the dimensionality and complexity within the disorder.
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