Structure of vaccinia virus thymidine kinase in complex with dTTP: insights for drug design.
BACKGROUND: Development of countermeasures to bioterrorist threats such as those posed by the smallpox virus (variola), include vaccination and drug development. Selective activation of nucleoside analogues by virus-encoded thymidine (dThd) kinases (TK) represents one of the most successful strateg...
| Päätekijät: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Aineistotyyppi: | Journal article |
| Kieli: | English |
| Julkaistu: |
2006
|
| _version_ | 1826260839115522048 |
|---|---|
| author | El Omari, K Solaroli, N Karlsson, A Balzarini, J Stammers, D |
| author_facet | El Omari, K Solaroli, N Karlsson, A Balzarini, J Stammers, D |
| author_sort | El Omari, K |
| collection | OXFORD |
| description | BACKGROUND: Development of countermeasures to bioterrorist threats such as those posed by the smallpox virus (variola), include vaccination and drug development. Selective activation of nucleoside analogues by virus-encoded thymidine (dThd) kinases (TK) represents one of the most successful strategies for antiviral chemotherapy as demonstrated for anti-herpes drugs. Vaccinia virus TK is a close orthologue of variola TK but also shares a relatively high sequence identity to human type 2 TK (hTK), thus achieving drug selectivity relative to the host enzyme is challenging. RESULTS: In order to identify any differences compared to hTK that may be exploitable in drug design, we have determined the crystal structure of VVTK, in complex with thymidine 5'-triphosphate (dTTP). Although most of the active site residues are conserved between hTK and VVTK, we observe a difference in conformation of residues Asp-43 and Arg-45. The equivalent residues in hTK hydrogen bond to dTTP, whereas in subunit D of VVTK, Asp-43 and Arg-45 adopt a different conformation preventing interaction with this nucleotide. Asp-43 and Arg-45 are present in a flexible loop, which is disordered in subunits A, B and C. The observed difference in conformation and flexibility may also explain the ability of VVTK to phosphorylate (South)-methanocarbathymine whereas, in contrast, no substrate activity with hTK is reported for this compound. CONCLUSION: The difference in conformation for Asp-43 and Arg-45 could thus be used in drug design to generate VVTK/Variola TK-selective nucleoside analogue substrates and/or inhibitors that have lower affinity for hTK. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-06T19:12:05Z |
| format | Journal article |
| id | oxford-uuid:171d686c-8db7-4815-ba96-6a2c56ae986b |
| institution | University of Oxford |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-06T19:12:05Z |
| publishDate | 2006 |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | oxford-uuid:171d686c-8db7-4815-ba96-6a2c56ae986b2022-03-26T10:35:15ZStructure of vaccinia virus thymidine kinase in complex with dTTP: insights for drug design.Journal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_dcae04bcuuid:171d686c-8db7-4815-ba96-6a2c56ae986bEnglishSymplectic Elements at Oxford2006El Omari, KSolaroli, NKarlsson, ABalzarini, JStammers, D BACKGROUND: Development of countermeasures to bioterrorist threats such as those posed by the smallpox virus (variola), include vaccination and drug development. Selective activation of nucleoside analogues by virus-encoded thymidine (dThd) kinases (TK) represents one of the most successful strategies for antiviral chemotherapy as demonstrated for anti-herpes drugs. Vaccinia virus TK is a close orthologue of variola TK but also shares a relatively high sequence identity to human type 2 TK (hTK), thus achieving drug selectivity relative to the host enzyme is challenging. RESULTS: In order to identify any differences compared to hTK that may be exploitable in drug design, we have determined the crystal structure of VVTK, in complex with thymidine 5'-triphosphate (dTTP). Although most of the active site residues are conserved between hTK and VVTK, we observe a difference in conformation of residues Asp-43 and Arg-45. The equivalent residues in hTK hydrogen bond to dTTP, whereas in subunit D of VVTK, Asp-43 and Arg-45 adopt a different conformation preventing interaction with this nucleotide. Asp-43 and Arg-45 are present in a flexible loop, which is disordered in subunits A, B and C. The observed difference in conformation and flexibility may also explain the ability of VVTK to phosphorylate (South)-methanocarbathymine whereas, in contrast, no substrate activity with hTK is reported for this compound. CONCLUSION: The difference in conformation for Asp-43 and Arg-45 could thus be used in drug design to generate VVTK/Variola TK-selective nucleoside analogue substrates and/or inhibitors that have lower affinity for hTK. |
| spellingShingle | El Omari, K Solaroli, N Karlsson, A Balzarini, J Stammers, D Structure of vaccinia virus thymidine kinase in complex with dTTP: insights for drug design. |
| title | Structure of vaccinia virus thymidine kinase in complex with dTTP: insights for drug design. |
| title_full | Structure of vaccinia virus thymidine kinase in complex with dTTP: insights for drug design. |
| title_fullStr | Structure of vaccinia virus thymidine kinase in complex with dTTP: insights for drug design. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Structure of vaccinia virus thymidine kinase in complex with dTTP: insights for drug design. |
| title_short | Structure of vaccinia virus thymidine kinase in complex with dTTP: insights for drug design. |
| title_sort | structure of vaccinia virus thymidine kinase in complex with dttp insights for drug design |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT elomarik structureofvacciniavirusthymidinekinaseincomplexwithdttpinsightsfordrugdesign AT solarolin structureofvacciniavirusthymidinekinaseincomplexwithdttpinsightsfordrugdesign AT karlssona structureofvacciniavirusthymidinekinaseincomplexwithdttpinsightsfordrugdesign AT balzarinij structureofvacciniavirusthymidinekinaseincomplexwithdttpinsightsfordrugdesign AT stammersd structureofvacciniavirusthymidinekinaseincomplexwithdttpinsightsfordrugdesign |