The effects and costs of an anti-bullying program (KiVa) in UK primary schools: a multicenter cluster randomized controlled trial
<p><b>Background </b></p> Childhood bullying is a public health priority. We evaluated the effectiveness and costs of KiVa, a whole-school anti-bullying program that targets the peer context. <p><b>Methods </b></p> A two-arm pragmatic multicenter clus...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Journal article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Cambridge University Press
2024
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| _version_ | 1824458559606226944 |
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| author | Badger, JR Bowes, L Babu, M Broome, M Cannings-John, R Clarkson, S Coulman, E Tudor Edwards, R Ford, T Hastings, RP Hayes, R Lugg-Widger, F Owen-Jones, E Patterson, P Segrott, J Sydenham, M Townson, J Watkins, RC Whiteley, H Williams, ME Stand Together Team Hutchings, J |
| author_facet | Badger, JR Bowes, L Babu, M Broome, M Cannings-John, R Clarkson, S Coulman, E Tudor Edwards, R Ford, T Hastings, RP Hayes, R Lugg-Widger, F Owen-Jones, E Patterson, P Segrott, J Sydenham, M Townson, J Watkins, RC Whiteley, H Williams, ME Stand Together Team Hutchings, J |
| author_sort | Badger, JR |
| collection | OXFORD |
| description | <p><b>Background </b></p>
Childhood bullying is a public health priority. We evaluated the effectiveness and costs of KiVa, a whole-school anti-bullying program that targets the peer context.
<p><b>Methods </b></p>
A two-arm pragmatic multicenter cluster randomized controlled trial with embedded economic evaluation. Schools were randomized to KiVa-intervention or usual practice (UP), stratified on school size and Free School Meals eligibility. KiVa was delivered by trained teachers across one school year. Follow-up was at 12 months post randomization. Primary outcome: student-reported bullying-victimization; secondary outcomes: self-reported bullying-perpetration, participant roles in bullying, empathy and teacher-reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Outcomes were analyzed using multilevel linear and logistic regression models.
<p><b>Findings </b></p>
Between 8/11/2019–12/02/2021, 118 primary schools were recruited in four trial sites, 11 111 students in primary analysis (KiVa-intervention: n = 5944; 49.6% female; UP: n = 5167, 49.0% female). At baseline, 21.6% of students reported being bullied in the UP group and 20.3% in the KiVa-intervention group, reducing to 20.7% in the UP group and 17.7% in the KiVa-intervention group at follow-up (odds ratio 0.87; 95% confidence interval 0.78 to 0.97, p value = 0.009). Students in the KiVa group had significantly higher empathy and reduced peer problems. We found no differences in bullying perpetration, school wellbeing, emotional or behavioral problems. A priori subgroup analyses revealed no differences in effectiveness by socioeconomic gradient, or by gender. KiVa costs £20.78 more per pupil than usual practice in the first year, and £1.65 more per pupil in subsequent years.
<p><b>Interpretation </b></p>
The KiVa anti-bullying program is effective at reducing bullying victimization with small-moderate effects of public health importance.
<p><b>Funding </b></p>
The study was funded by the UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Public Health Research program (17-92-11). Intervention costs were funded by the Rayne Foundation, GwE North Wales Regional School Improvement Service, Children's Services, Devon County Council and HSBC Global Services (UK) Ltd. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-09T03:17:58Z |
| format | Journal article |
| id | oxford-uuid:173c7bac-b44b-423b-b03f-2794ba4c1691 |
| institution | University of Oxford |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-02-19T04:27:49Z |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| publisher | Cambridge University Press |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | oxford-uuid:173c7bac-b44b-423b-b03f-2794ba4c16912024-12-13T10:20:03ZThe effects and costs of an anti-bullying program (KiVa) in UK primary schools: a multicenter cluster randomized controlled trialJournal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_dcae04bcuuid:173c7bac-b44b-423b-b03f-2794ba4c1691EnglishSymplectic ElementsCambridge University Press2024Badger, JRBowes, LBabu, MBroome, MCannings-John, RClarkson, SCoulman, ETudor Edwards, RFord, THastings, RPHayes, RLugg-Widger, FOwen-Jones, EPatterson, PSegrott, JSydenham, MTownson, JWatkins, RCWhiteley, HWilliams, ME Stand Together TeamHutchings, J<p><b>Background </b></p> Childhood bullying is a public health priority. We evaluated the effectiveness and costs of KiVa, a whole-school anti-bullying program that targets the peer context. <p><b>Methods </b></p> A two-arm pragmatic multicenter cluster randomized controlled trial with embedded economic evaluation. Schools were randomized to KiVa-intervention or usual practice (UP), stratified on school size and Free School Meals eligibility. KiVa was delivered by trained teachers across one school year. Follow-up was at 12 months post randomization. Primary outcome: student-reported bullying-victimization; secondary outcomes: self-reported bullying-perpetration, participant roles in bullying, empathy and teacher-reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Outcomes were analyzed using multilevel linear and logistic regression models. <p><b>Findings </b></p> Between 8/11/2019–12/02/2021, 118 primary schools were recruited in four trial sites, 11 111 students in primary analysis (KiVa-intervention: n = 5944; 49.6% female; UP: n = 5167, 49.0% female). At baseline, 21.6% of students reported being bullied in the UP group and 20.3% in the KiVa-intervention group, reducing to 20.7% in the UP group and 17.7% in the KiVa-intervention group at follow-up (odds ratio 0.87; 95% confidence interval 0.78 to 0.97, p value = 0.009). Students in the KiVa group had significantly higher empathy and reduced peer problems. We found no differences in bullying perpetration, school wellbeing, emotional or behavioral problems. A priori subgroup analyses revealed no differences in effectiveness by socioeconomic gradient, or by gender. KiVa costs £20.78 more per pupil than usual practice in the first year, and £1.65 more per pupil in subsequent years. <p><b>Interpretation </b></p> The KiVa anti-bullying program is effective at reducing bullying victimization with small-moderate effects of public health importance. <p><b>Funding </b></p> The study was funded by the UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Public Health Research program (17-92-11). Intervention costs were funded by the Rayne Foundation, GwE North Wales Regional School Improvement Service, Children's Services, Devon County Council and HSBC Global Services (UK) Ltd. |
| spellingShingle | Badger, JR Bowes, L Babu, M Broome, M Cannings-John, R Clarkson, S Coulman, E Tudor Edwards, R Ford, T Hastings, RP Hayes, R Lugg-Widger, F Owen-Jones, E Patterson, P Segrott, J Sydenham, M Townson, J Watkins, RC Whiteley, H Williams, ME Stand Together Team Hutchings, J The effects and costs of an anti-bullying program (KiVa) in UK primary schools: a multicenter cluster randomized controlled trial |
| title | The effects and costs of an anti-bullying program (KiVa) in UK primary schools: a multicenter cluster randomized controlled trial |
| title_full | The effects and costs of an anti-bullying program (KiVa) in UK primary schools: a multicenter cluster randomized controlled trial |
| title_fullStr | The effects and costs of an anti-bullying program (KiVa) in UK primary schools: a multicenter cluster randomized controlled trial |
| title_full_unstemmed | The effects and costs of an anti-bullying program (KiVa) in UK primary schools: a multicenter cluster randomized controlled trial |
| title_short | The effects and costs of an anti-bullying program (KiVa) in UK primary schools: a multicenter cluster randomized controlled trial |
| title_sort | effects and costs of an anti bullying program kiva in uk primary schools a multicenter cluster randomized controlled trial |
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