| Streszczenie: | Many cocoa farmers in Lampung Province are increasingly facing losses in cocoa yields. Loses are attributed to increased variability in rainfall and rampant growth of pest and disease; farmers also attribute the loss to rising temperatures, but there have not been quantitative results found for this claim. Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) implementation is considered a viable solution to address the problems that local farmers are facing. The CSA practices analyzed in this paper included (1) regular pruning, (2) use of organic fertilizers, (3) field sanitation, and (4) side-grafting. This case study explores characteristics of farmers who adopt the climate-smart cocoa practices, the potential personal benefits to farmers of adopting these practices and seeks to understand why the adoption of climate-smart practices has been low for cocoa farmers in the region. The multivariate probit regression modeled in the paper found that adoption of CSA practices was positively correlated with receiving training, increased education, and available livestock, being male, and observing climate impacts. CSA adoption was negatively correlated with having higher numbers of cash crops and experiencing cocoa crop damage due to weather events. The regression analysis also showed that CSA practices were all positively correlated with each other thus could be potentially complementary practices. An ex-ante cost-benefit analysis (CBA) found high net present values of incremental net benefits when adopting CSA practices. However, the large costs of investment yielded negative net benefits for the first few years following adoption implementation. Based on focus group discussions and interviews conducted in July 2017, an ethnographic interpretation of the region sought to determine why adoption of CSA practices was low, even with the high personal benefits of CSA adoption found in the cost-benefit analysis. This analysis found that barriers to adoption included lack of agriculture equipment, price constraints, borrowing constraints, and incomplete knowledge of adopting the practices. The combination of these constraints made adoption of CSA practices riskier than what was displayed in the CBA results. This case study suggests that financial assistance programs should be targeted towards farmer groups to limit these constraints. In addition, training of cocoa farmers on CSA practices should be more ongoing and technical, especially for women in the region, to decrease the risks of failure to their adoption.
|
|---|