ANFO vapour detection with conducting polymer percolation network sensors and GC/MS
Ammonium nitrate mixed with fuel oil (ANFO) is commonly used in improvised explosive devices (IEDs). The development of ANFO vapour sensors that are small, inexpensive, and easy to use will enable widespread IED detection in the context of security and humanitarian demining. Because of concealment a...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Journal article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Royal Society of Chemistry
2021
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| _version_ | 1826261323309121536 |
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| author | Lefferts, MJ Humphreys, LH Mai, N Murugappan, K Armitage, BI Pons, J-F Castell, MR |
| author_facet | Lefferts, MJ Humphreys, LH Mai, N Murugappan, K Armitage, BI Pons, J-F Castell, MR |
| author_sort | Lefferts, MJ |
| collection | OXFORD |
| description | Ammonium nitrate mixed with fuel oil (ANFO) is commonly used in improvised explosive devices (IEDs). The development of ANFO vapour sensors that are small, inexpensive, and easy to use will enable widespread IED detection in the context of security and humanitarian demining. Because of concealment and the low vapour pressures of most explosive materials, achieving sufficiently high sensitivity and low limits of detection are some of the main challenges of explosives vapour detection. Here ANFO chemiresistive vapour sensors based on polypyrrole (PPy) percolation networks are presented and compared to gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) results for ANFO. Improved sensitivities are achieved by using a polymer percolation network instead of a thin film for the gas sensors. Vapour concentrations are detected of 13–180 ppb of ammonia emitted by a variety of different ammonium nitrate-containing fertilisers and fertiliser-diesel mixtures. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-06T19:19:35Z |
| format | Journal article |
| id | oxford-uuid:199e5702-31a2-4e5d-9b54-54f549bff9a6 |
| institution | University of Oxford |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-06T19:19:35Z |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publisher | Royal Society of Chemistry |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | oxford-uuid:199e5702-31a2-4e5d-9b54-54f549bff9a62022-03-26T10:49:57ZANFO vapour detection with conducting polymer percolation network sensors and GC/MSJournal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_dcae04bcuuid:199e5702-31a2-4e5d-9b54-54f549bff9a6EnglishSymplectic ElementsRoyal Society of Chemistry2021Lefferts, MJHumphreys, LHMai, NMurugappan, KArmitage, BIPons, J-FCastell, MRAmmonium nitrate mixed with fuel oil (ANFO) is commonly used in improvised explosive devices (IEDs). The development of ANFO vapour sensors that are small, inexpensive, and easy to use will enable widespread IED detection in the context of security and humanitarian demining. Because of concealment and the low vapour pressures of most explosive materials, achieving sufficiently high sensitivity and low limits of detection are some of the main challenges of explosives vapour detection. Here ANFO chemiresistive vapour sensors based on polypyrrole (PPy) percolation networks are presented and compared to gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) results for ANFO. Improved sensitivities are achieved by using a polymer percolation network instead of a thin film for the gas sensors. Vapour concentrations are detected of 13–180 ppb of ammonia emitted by a variety of different ammonium nitrate-containing fertilisers and fertiliser-diesel mixtures. |
| spellingShingle | Lefferts, MJ Humphreys, LH Mai, N Murugappan, K Armitage, BI Pons, J-F Castell, MR ANFO vapour detection with conducting polymer percolation network sensors and GC/MS |
| title | ANFO vapour detection with conducting polymer percolation network sensors and GC/MS |
| title_full | ANFO vapour detection with conducting polymer percolation network sensors and GC/MS |
| title_fullStr | ANFO vapour detection with conducting polymer percolation network sensors and GC/MS |
| title_full_unstemmed | ANFO vapour detection with conducting polymer percolation network sensors and GC/MS |
| title_short | ANFO vapour detection with conducting polymer percolation network sensors and GC/MS |
| title_sort | anfo vapour detection with conducting polymer percolation network sensors and gc ms |
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