Controlled human infection models in COVID-19 and tuberculosis: current progress and future challenges
<p>Controlled Human Infection Models (CHIMs) involve deliberately exposing healthy human volunteers to a known pathogen, to allow the detailed study of disease processes and evaluate methods of treatment and prevention, including next generation vaccines. CHIMs are in development for both tube...
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| Format: | Journal article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media
2023
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| _version_ | 1797110711104569344 |
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| author | Morrison, H Jackson, S McShane, H |
| author_facet | Morrison, H Jackson, S McShane, H |
| author_sort | Morrison, H |
| collection | OXFORD |
| description | <p>Controlled Human Infection Models (CHIMs) involve deliberately exposing healthy human volunteers to a known pathogen, to allow the detailed study of disease processes and evaluate methods of treatment and prevention, including next generation vaccines. CHIMs are in development for both tuberculosis (TB) and Covid-19, but challenges remain in their ongoing optimisation and refinement. It would be unethical to deliberately infect humans with virulent <em>Mycobacteria tuberculosis</em> (<em>M.tb</em>), however surrogate models involving other mycobacteria, <em>M.tb</em> Purified Protein Derivative or genetically modified forms of <em>M.tb</em> either exist or are under development. These utilise varying routes of administration, including <em>via</em> aerosol, per bronchoscope or intradermal injection, each with their own advantages and disadvantages. Intranasal CHIMs with SARS-CoV-2 were developed against the backdrop of the evolving Covid-19 pandemic and are currently being utilised to both assess viral kinetics, interrogate the local and systemic immunological responses post exposure, and identify immune correlates of protection. In future it is hoped they can be used to assess new treatments and vaccines. The changing face of the pandemic, including the emergence of new virus variants and increasing levels of vaccination and natural immunity within populations, has provided a unique and complex environment within which to develop a SARS-CoV-2 CHIM. This article will discuss current progress and potential future developments in CHIMs for these two globally significant pathogens.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T07:58:40Z |
| format | Journal article |
| id | oxford-uuid:2f699025-e1cf-4740-b7fd-eacdca5fc22b |
| institution | University of Oxford |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T07:58:40Z |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | oxford-uuid:2f699025-e1cf-4740-b7fd-eacdca5fc22b2023-09-07T13:26:11ZControlled human infection models in COVID-19 and tuberculosis: current progress and future challengesJournal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_dcae04bcuuid:2f699025-e1cf-4740-b7fd-eacdca5fc22bEnglishSymplectic ElementsFrontiers Media2023Morrison, HJackson, SMcShane, H<p>Controlled Human Infection Models (CHIMs) involve deliberately exposing healthy human volunteers to a known pathogen, to allow the detailed study of disease processes and evaluate methods of treatment and prevention, including next generation vaccines. CHIMs are in development for both tuberculosis (TB) and Covid-19, but challenges remain in their ongoing optimisation and refinement. It would be unethical to deliberately infect humans with virulent <em>Mycobacteria tuberculosis</em> (<em>M.tb</em>), however surrogate models involving other mycobacteria, <em>M.tb</em> Purified Protein Derivative or genetically modified forms of <em>M.tb</em> either exist or are under development. These utilise varying routes of administration, including <em>via</em> aerosol, per bronchoscope or intradermal injection, each with their own advantages and disadvantages. Intranasal CHIMs with SARS-CoV-2 were developed against the backdrop of the evolving Covid-19 pandemic and are currently being utilised to both assess viral kinetics, interrogate the local and systemic immunological responses post exposure, and identify immune correlates of protection. In future it is hoped they can be used to assess new treatments and vaccines. The changing face of the pandemic, including the emergence of new virus variants and increasing levels of vaccination and natural immunity within populations, has provided a unique and complex environment within which to develop a SARS-CoV-2 CHIM. This article will discuss current progress and potential future developments in CHIMs for these two globally significant pathogens.</p> |
| spellingShingle | Morrison, H Jackson, S McShane, H Controlled human infection models in COVID-19 and tuberculosis: current progress and future challenges |
| title | Controlled human infection models in COVID-19 and tuberculosis: current progress and future challenges |
| title_full | Controlled human infection models in COVID-19 and tuberculosis: current progress and future challenges |
| title_fullStr | Controlled human infection models in COVID-19 and tuberculosis: current progress and future challenges |
| title_full_unstemmed | Controlled human infection models in COVID-19 and tuberculosis: current progress and future challenges |
| title_short | Controlled human infection models in COVID-19 and tuberculosis: current progress and future challenges |
| title_sort | controlled human infection models in covid 19 and tuberculosis current progress and future challenges |
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