| Тойм: | Using annual data from M. Friedman and A. Schwartz (1982), D. F. Hendry and N. R. Ericsson (1991) developed an empirical model of the demand for broad money in the United Kingdom over 1878-75. The authors update that model over 1976-93, accounting for changed data definitions and clarifying the concept of constancy. With appropriate measures of opportunity cost and credit deregulation, the model's parameters are empirically constant over the extended sample, which was economically turbulent. Policy implications follow for parameter nonconstancy and predictive failure, causation between money and prices, monetary targeting, deregulation and financial innovation, and the effect of policy on economic agents' behavior.
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