Statistical basis for predicting technological progress
Forecasting technological progress is of great interest to engineers, policy makers, and private investors. Several models have been proposed for predicting technological improvement, but how well do these models perform? An early hypothesis made by Theodore Wright in 1936 is that cost decreases as...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Journal article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Public Library of Science
2013
|
| _version_ | 1797068082404917248 |
|---|---|
| author | Nagy, B Farmer, J Bui, Q Trancik, J |
| author_facet | Nagy, B Farmer, J Bui, Q Trancik, J |
| author_sort | Nagy, B |
| collection | OXFORD |
| description | Forecasting technological progress is of great interest to engineers, policy makers, and private investors. Several models have been proposed for predicting technological improvement, but how well do these models perform? An early hypothesis made by Theodore Wright in 1936 is that cost decreases as a power law of cumulative production. An alternative hypothesis is Moore's law, which can be generalized to say that technologies improve exponentially with time. Other alternatives were proposed by Goddard, Sinclair et al., and Nordhaus. These hypotheses have not previously been rigorously tested. Using a new database on the cost and production of 62 different technologies, which is the most expansive of its kind, we test the ability of six different postulated laws to predict future costs. Our approach involves hindcasting and developing a statistical model to rank the performance of the postulated laws. Wright's law produces the best forecasts, but Moore's law is not far behind. We discover a previously unobserved regularity that production tends to increase exponentially. A combination of an exponential decrease in cost and an exponential increase in production would make Moore's law and Wright's law indistinguishable, as originally pointed out by Sahal. We show for the first time that these regularities are observed in data to such a degree that the performance of these two laws is nearly the same. Our results show that technological progress is forecastable, with the square root of the logarithmic error growing linearly with the forecasting horizon at a typical rate of 2.5% per year. These results have implications for theories of technological change, and assessments of candidate technologies and policies for climate change mitigation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-06T22:05:38Z |
| format | Journal article |
| id | oxford-uuid:500ad21c-b13b-4f45-a167-e968b245b343 |
| institution | University of Oxford |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-06T22:05:38Z |
| publishDate | 2013 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | oxford-uuid:500ad21c-b13b-4f45-a167-e968b245b3432022-03-26T16:11:16ZStatistical basis for predicting technological progressJournal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_dcae04bcuuid:500ad21c-b13b-4f45-a167-e968b245b343EnglishSymplectic Elements at OxfordPublic Library of Science2013Nagy, BFarmer, JBui, QTrancik, JForecasting technological progress is of great interest to engineers, policy makers, and private investors. Several models have been proposed for predicting technological improvement, but how well do these models perform? An early hypothesis made by Theodore Wright in 1936 is that cost decreases as a power law of cumulative production. An alternative hypothesis is Moore's law, which can be generalized to say that technologies improve exponentially with time. Other alternatives were proposed by Goddard, Sinclair et al., and Nordhaus. These hypotheses have not previously been rigorously tested. Using a new database on the cost and production of 62 different technologies, which is the most expansive of its kind, we test the ability of six different postulated laws to predict future costs. Our approach involves hindcasting and developing a statistical model to rank the performance of the postulated laws. Wright's law produces the best forecasts, but Moore's law is not far behind. We discover a previously unobserved regularity that production tends to increase exponentially. A combination of an exponential decrease in cost and an exponential increase in production would make Moore's law and Wright's law indistinguishable, as originally pointed out by Sahal. We show for the first time that these regularities are observed in data to such a degree that the performance of these two laws is nearly the same. Our results show that technological progress is forecastable, with the square root of the logarithmic error growing linearly with the forecasting horizon at a typical rate of 2.5% per year. These results have implications for theories of technological change, and assessments of candidate technologies and policies for climate change mitigation. |
| spellingShingle | Nagy, B Farmer, J Bui, Q Trancik, J Statistical basis for predicting technological progress |
| title | Statistical basis for predicting technological progress |
| title_full | Statistical basis for predicting technological progress |
| title_fullStr | Statistical basis for predicting technological progress |
| title_full_unstemmed | Statistical basis for predicting technological progress |
| title_short | Statistical basis for predicting technological progress |
| title_sort | statistical basis for predicting technological progress |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT nagyb statisticalbasisforpredictingtechnologicalprogress AT farmerj statisticalbasisforpredictingtechnologicalprogress AT buiq statisticalbasisforpredictingtechnologicalprogress AT trancikj statisticalbasisforpredictingtechnologicalprogress |