Metal hyperaccumulation armors plants against disease

Metal hyperaccumulation, in which plants store exceptional concentrations of metals in their shoots, is an unusual trait whose evolutionary and ecological significance has prompted extensive debate. Hyperaccumulation plants are usually found on metalliferous soils, and it has been proposed that hype...

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Päätekijät: Fones, H, Davis, C, Rico, A, Fang, F, Smith, J, Preston, G
Aineistotyyppi: Journal article
Kieli:English
Julkaistu: Public Library of Science 2010
Aiheet:
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author Fones, H
Davis, C
Rico, A
Fang, F
Smith, J
Preston, G
author_facet Fones, H
Davis, C
Rico, A
Fang, F
Smith, J
Preston, G
author_sort Fones, H
collection OXFORD
description Metal hyperaccumulation, in which plants store exceptional concentrations of metals in their shoots, is an unusual trait whose evolutionary and ecological significance has prompted extensive debate. Hyperaccumulation plants are usually found on metalliferous soils, and it has been proposed that hyperaccumulation provides a defense against herbivores and pathogens, an idea termed the 'elemental defense' hypothesis. We have investigated this hypothesis using the crucifer <em>Thlaspi caerulescens</em>, a hyperaccumulator of zinc, nickel, and cadmium, and the baterial pathogen <em>Pseudomonas syringae</em> pv. maculicola (Psm). Using leaf innoculation assays, we have shown that hyperaccumulation of any of the three metals inhibits growth of <em>Psm in planta</em>. Metal concentrations in the bulk leaf and in the apoplast, through which the pathogen invades the leaf, were shown to be sufficient to account for the defensive effect by comparison with <em>in vitro</em> dose-response curves. Further, mutants of <em>Psm</em> with increased and decreased zinc tolerance created by transposon insertion had either enhanced or reduced ability, respectively, to grow in high-zinc plants, indicating that the metal affects the pathogen directly. Finally, we have shown that bacteria naturally colonizing T. <em>caerulescens</em> leaves at the site of a former lead-zinc mine have high zinc tolerance compared with bacteria isolated from non-accumulating plants, suggesting local adaptation to high metal. These results demonstrate that the disease resistance observed in metal-exposed T. <em>caerulescens</em> can be attributed to a direct effect of metal hyperaccumulation, which may thus be functionally analogous to the resistance conferred by antimicrobial metabolites in non-accumulating plants.
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spelling oxford-uuid:51a3644b-17da-40f7-924c-95ec9f917bd02022-03-26T16:20:49ZMetal hyperaccumulation armors plants against diseaseJournal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_dcae04bcuuid:51a3644b-17da-40f7-924c-95ec9f917bd0Plant SciencesEnglishOxford University Research Archive - ValetPublic Library of Science2010Fones, HDavis, CRico, AFang, FSmith, JPreston, GMetal hyperaccumulation, in which plants store exceptional concentrations of metals in their shoots, is an unusual trait whose evolutionary and ecological significance has prompted extensive debate. Hyperaccumulation plants are usually found on metalliferous soils, and it has been proposed that hyperaccumulation provides a defense against herbivores and pathogens, an idea termed the 'elemental defense' hypothesis. We have investigated this hypothesis using the crucifer <em>Thlaspi caerulescens</em>, a hyperaccumulator of zinc, nickel, and cadmium, and the baterial pathogen <em>Pseudomonas syringae</em> pv. maculicola (Psm). Using leaf innoculation assays, we have shown that hyperaccumulation of any of the three metals inhibits growth of <em>Psm in planta</em>. Metal concentrations in the bulk leaf and in the apoplast, through which the pathogen invades the leaf, were shown to be sufficient to account for the defensive effect by comparison with <em>in vitro</em> dose-response curves. Further, mutants of <em>Psm</em> with increased and decreased zinc tolerance created by transposon insertion had either enhanced or reduced ability, respectively, to grow in high-zinc plants, indicating that the metal affects the pathogen directly. Finally, we have shown that bacteria naturally colonizing T. <em>caerulescens</em> leaves at the site of a former lead-zinc mine have high zinc tolerance compared with bacteria isolated from non-accumulating plants, suggesting local adaptation to high metal. These results demonstrate that the disease resistance observed in metal-exposed T. <em>caerulescens</em> can be attributed to a direct effect of metal hyperaccumulation, which may thus be functionally analogous to the resistance conferred by antimicrobial metabolites in non-accumulating plants.
spellingShingle Plant Sciences
Fones, H
Davis, C
Rico, A
Fang, F
Smith, J
Preston, G
Metal hyperaccumulation armors plants against disease
title Metal hyperaccumulation armors plants against disease
title_full Metal hyperaccumulation armors plants against disease
title_fullStr Metal hyperaccumulation armors plants against disease
title_full_unstemmed Metal hyperaccumulation armors plants against disease
title_short Metal hyperaccumulation armors plants against disease
title_sort metal hyperaccumulation armors plants against disease
topic Plant Sciences
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AT davisc metalhyperaccumulationarmorsplantsagainstdisease
AT ricoa metalhyperaccumulationarmorsplantsagainstdisease
AT fangf metalhyperaccumulationarmorsplantsagainstdisease
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