Calibration and Characterization of the IceCube Photomultiplier Tube
Over 5,000 PMTs are being deployed at the South Pole to compose the IceCube neutrino observatory. Many are placed deep in the ice to detect Cherenkov light emitted by the products of high-energy neutrino interactions, and others are frozen into tanks on the surface to detect particles from atmospher...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Journal article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2010
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| _version_ | 1826273409822097408 |
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| author | Collaboration, TI Abbasi, R Abdou, Y Abu-Zayyad, T Adams, J Aguilar, J Ahlers, M Andeen, K Auffenberg, J Bai, X Baker, M Barwick, S Bay, R Alba, J Beattie, K Beatty, J Bechet, S Becker, J Becker, K Benabderrahmane, M Berdermann, J Berghaus, P Berley, D Bernardini, E Bertrand, D |
| author_facet | Collaboration, TI Abbasi, R Abdou, Y Abu-Zayyad, T Adams, J Aguilar, J Ahlers, M Andeen, K Auffenberg, J Bai, X Baker, M Barwick, S Bay, R Alba, J Beattie, K Beatty, J Bechet, S Becker, J Becker, K Benabderrahmane, M Berdermann, J Berghaus, P Berley, D Bernardini, E Bertrand, D |
| author_sort | Collaboration, TI |
| collection | OXFORD |
| description | Over 5,000 PMTs are being deployed at the South Pole to compose the IceCube neutrino observatory. Many are placed deep in the ice to detect Cherenkov light emitted by the products of high-energy neutrino interactions, and others are frozen into tanks on the surface to detect particles from atmospheric cosmic ray showers. IceCube is using the 10-inch diameter R7081-02 made by Hamamatsu Photonics. This paper describes the laboratory characterization and calibration of these PMTs before deployment. PMTs were illuminated with pulses ranging from single photons to saturation level. Parameterizations are given for the single photoelectron charge spectrum and the saturation behavior. Time resolution, late pulses and afterpulses are characterized. Because the PMTs are relatively large, the cathode sensitivity uniformity was measured. The absolute photon detection efficiency was calibrated using Rayleigh-scattered photons from a nitrogen laser. Measured characteristics are discussed in the context of their relevance to IceCube event reconstruction and simulation efforts. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-06T22:27:45Z |
| format | Journal article |
| id | oxford-uuid:573ccc9a-44e5-4238-a9b6-dbaeab758389 |
| institution | University of Oxford |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-06T22:27:45Z |
| publishDate | 2010 |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | oxford-uuid:573ccc9a-44e5-4238-a9b6-dbaeab7583892022-03-26T16:55:26ZCalibration and Characterization of the IceCube Photomultiplier TubeJournal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_dcae04bcuuid:573ccc9a-44e5-4238-a9b6-dbaeab758389EnglishSymplectic Elements at Oxford2010Collaboration, TIAbbasi, RAbdou, YAbu-Zayyad, TAdams, JAguilar, JAhlers, MAndeen, KAuffenberg, JBai, XBaker, MBarwick, SBay, RAlba, JBeattie, KBeatty, JBechet, SBecker, JBecker, KBenabderrahmane, MBerdermann, JBerghaus, PBerley, DBernardini, EBertrand, DOver 5,000 PMTs are being deployed at the South Pole to compose the IceCube neutrino observatory. Many are placed deep in the ice to detect Cherenkov light emitted by the products of high-energy neutrino interactions, and others are frozen into tanks on the surface to detect particles from atmospheric cosmic ray showers. IceCube is using the 10-inch diameter R7081-02 made by Hamamatsu Photonics. This paper describes the laboratory characterization and calibration of these PMTs before deployment. PMTs were illuminated with pulses ranging from single photons to saturation level. Parameterizations are given for the single photoelectron charge spectrum and the saturation behavior. Time resolution, late pulses and afterpulses are characterized. Because the PMTs are relatively large, the cathode sensitivity uniformity was measured. The absolute photon detection efficiency was calibrated using Rayleigh-scattered photons from a nitrogen laser. Measured characteristics are discussed in the context of their relevance to IceCube event reconstruction and simulation efforts. |
| spellingShingle | Collaboration, TI Abbasi, R Abdou, Y Abu-Zayyad, T Adams, J Aguilar, J Ahlers, M Andeen, K Auffenberg, J Bai, X Baker, M Barwick, S Bay, R Alba, J Beattie, K Beatty, J Bechet, S Becker, J Becker, K Benabderrahmane, M Berdermann, J Berghaus, P Berley, D Bernardini, E Bertrand, D Calibration and Characterization of the IceCube Photomultiplier Tube |
| title | Calibration and Characterization of the IceCube Photomultiplier Tube |
| title_full | Calibration and Characterization of the IceCube Photomultiplier Tube |
| title_fullStr | Calibration and Characterization of the IceCube Photomultiplier Tube |
| title_full_unstemmed | Calibration and Characterization of the IceCube Photomultiplier Tube |
| title_short | Calibration and Characterization of the IceCube Photomultiplier Tube |
| title_sort | calibration and characterization of the icecube photomultiplier tube |
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