Separate and combined associations of obesity and metabolic health with coronary heart disease: a pan-European case-cohort analysis
<p><strong>Aims</strong></p> <p>The hypothesis of ‘metabolically healthy obesity’ implies that, in the absence of metabolic dysfunction, individuals with excess adiposity are not at greater cardiovascular risk. We tested this hypothesis in a large pan-European prospecti...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Journal article |
| Language: | English |
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Oxford University Press
2017
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| _version_ | 1797069758493884416 |
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| author | Lassale, C Tzoulaki, I Moons, KGM Sweeting, M Boer, J Johnson, L Huerta, JM Agnoli, C Freisling, H Weiderpass, E Wennberg, P van der A, DL Arriola, L Benetou, V Boeing, H Bonnet, F Colorado-Yohar, SM Engström, G Eriksen, AK Ferrari, P Grioni, S Johansson, M Kaaks, R Katsoulis, M Katzke, V Key, TJ Matullo, G Melander, O Molina-Portillo, E Moreno-Iribas, C Norberg, M Overvad, K Panico, S Quirós, JR Saieva, C Skeie, G Steffen, A Stepien, M Tjønneland, A Trichopoulou, A Tumino, R van der Schouw, YT Verschuren, WMM Langenberg, C Di Angelantonio, E Riboli, E Wareham, NJ Danesh, J Butterworth, AS |
| author_facet | Lassale, C Tzoulaki, I Moons, KGM Sweeting, M Boer, J Johnson, L Huerta, JM Agnoli, C Freisling, H Weiderpass, E Wennberg, P van der A, DL Arriola, L Benetou, V Boeing, H Bonnet, F Colorado-Yohar, SM Engström, G Eriksen, AK Ferrari, P Grioni, S Johansson, M Kaaks, R Katsoulis, M Katzke, V Key, TJ Matullo, G Melander, O Molina-Portillo, E Moreno-Iribas, C Norberg, M Overvad, K Panico, S Quirós, JR Saieva, C Skeie, G Steffen, A Stepien, M Tjønneland, A Trichopoulou, A Tumino, R van der Schouw, YT Verschuren, WMM Langenberg, C Di Angelantonio, E Riboli, E Wareham, NJ Danesh, J Butterworth, AS |
| author_sort | Lassale, C |
| collection | OXFORD |
| description | <p><strong>Aims</strong></p> <p>The hypothesis of ‘metabolically healthy obesity’ implies that, in the absence of metabolic dysfunction, individuals with excess adiposity are not at greater cardiovascular risk. We tested this hypothesis in a large pan-European prospective study.</p> <p><strong>Methods and results</strong></p> <p>We conducted a case-cohort analysis in the 520 000-person European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study (‘EPIC-CVD’). During a median follow-up of 12.2 years, we recorded 7637 incident coronary heart disease (CHD) cases. Using cut-offs recommended by guidelines, we defined obesity and overweight using body mass index (BMI), and metabolic dysfunction (‘unhealthy’) as ≥ 3 of elevated blood pressure, hypertriglyceridaemia, low HDL-cholesterol, hyperglycaemia, and elevated waist circumference. We calculated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) within each country using Prentice-weighted Cox proportional hazard regressions, accounting for age, sex, centre, education, smoking, diet, and physical activity. Compared with metabolically healthy normal weight people (reference), HRs were 2.15 (95% CI: 1.79; 2.57) for unhealthy normal weight, 2.33 (1.97; 2.76) for unhealthy overweight, and 2.54 (2.21; 2.92) for unhealthy obese people. Compared with the reference group, HRs were 1.26 (1.14; 1.40) and 1.28 (1.03; 1.58) for metabolically healthy overweight and obese people, respectively. These results were robust to various sensitivity analyses.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion</strong></p> <p>Irrespective of BMI, metabolically unhealthy individuals had higher CHD risk than their healthy counterparts. Conversely, irrespective of metabolic health, overweight and obese people had higher CHD risk than lean people. These findings challenge the concept of ‘metabolically healthy obesity’, encouraging population-wide strategies to tackle obesity.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-06T22:29:12Z |
| format | Journal article |
| id | oxford-uuid:57b9199a-89e6-410f-9818-3be3338999d2 |
| institution | University of Oxford |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-06T22:29:12Z |
| publishDate | 2017 |
| publisher | Oxford University Press |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | oxford-uuid:57b9199a-89e6-410f-9818-3be3338999d22022-03-26T16:58:32ZSeparate and combined associations of obesity and metabolic health with coronary heart disease: a pan-European case-cohort analysisJournal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_dcae04bcuuid:57b9199a-89e6-410f-9818-3be3338999d2smokingphysical activitycoronary heart diseaseoverweightcoronary heart disease riskobesitywaist circumferencebody mass index procedureEnglishSymplectic Elements at OxfordOxford University Press2017Lassale, CTzoulaki, IMoons, KGMSweeting, MBoer, JJohnson, LHuerta, JMAgnoli, CFreisling, HWeiderpass, EWennberg, Pvan der A, DLArriola, LBenetou, VBoeing, HBonnet, FColorado-Yohar, SMEngström, GEriksen, AKFerrari, PGrioni, SJohansson, MKaaks, RKatsoulis, MKatzke, VKey, TJMatullo, GMelander, OMolina-Portillo, EMoreno-Iribas, CNorberg, MOvervad, KPanico, SQuirós, JRSaieva, CSkeie, GSteffen, AStepien, MTjønneland, ATrichopoulou, ATumino, Rvan der Schouw, YTVerschuren, WMMLangenberg, CDi Angelantonio, ERiboli, EWareham, NJDanesh, JButterworth, AS<p><strong>Aims</strong></p> <p>The hypothesis of ‘metabolically healthy obesity’ implies that, in the absence of metabolic dysfunction, individuals with excess adiposity are not at greater cardiovascular risk. We tested this hypothesis in a large pan-European prospective study.</p> <p><strong>Methods and results</strong></p> <p>We conducted a case-cohort analysis in the 520 000-person European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study (‘EPIC-CVD’). During a median follow-up of 12.2 years, we recorded 7637 incident coronary heart disease (CHD) cases. Using cut-offs recommended by guidelines, we defined obesity and overweight using body mass index (BMI), and metabolic dysfunction (‘unhealthy’) as ≥ 3 of elevated blood pressure, hypertriglyceridaemia, low HDL-cholesterol, hyperglycaemia, and elevated waist circumference. We calculated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) within each country using Prentice-weighted Cox proportional hazard regressions, accounting for age, sex, centre, education, smoking, diet, and physical activity. Compared with metabolically healthy normal weight people (reference), HRs were 2.15 (95% CI: 1.79; 2.57) for unhealthy normal weight, 2.33 (1.97; 2.76) for unhealthy overweight, and 2.54 (2.21; 2.92) for unhealthy obese people. Compared with the reference group, HRs were 1.26 (1.14; 1.40) and 1.28 (1.03; 1.58) for metabolically healthy overweight and obese people, respectively. These results were robust to various sensitivity analyses.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion</strong></p> <p>Irrespective of BMI, metabolically unhealthy individuals had higher CHD risk than their healthy counterparts. Conversely, irrespective of metabolic health, overweight and obese people had higher CHD risk than lean people. These findings challenge the concept of ‘metabolically healthy obesity’, encouraging population-wide strategies to tackle obesity.</p> |
| spellingShingle | smoking physical activity coronary heart disease overweight coronary heart disease risk obesity waist circumference body mass index procedure Lassale, C Tzoulaki, I Moons, KGM Sweeting, M Boer, J Johnson, L Huerta, JM Agnoli, C Freisling, H Weiderpass, E Wennberg, P van der A, DL Arriola, L Benetou, V Boeing, H Bonnet, F Colorado-Yohar, SM Engström, G Eriksen, AK Ferrari, P Grioni, S Johansson, M Kaaks, R Katsoulis, M Katzke, V Key, TJ Matullo, G Melander, O Molina-Portillo, E Moreno-Iribas, C Norberg, M Overvad, K Panico, S Quirós, JR Saieva, C Skeie, G Steffen, A Stepien, M Tjønneland, A Trichopoulou, A Tumino, R van der Schouw, YT Verschuren, WMM Langenberg, C Di Angelantonio, E Riboli, E Wareham, NJ Danesh, J Butterworth, AS Separate and combined associations of obesity and metabolic health with coronary heart disease: a pan-European case-cohort analysis |
| title | Separate and combined associations of obesity and metabolic health with coronary heart disease: a pan-European case-cohort analysis |
| title_full | Separate and combined associations of obesity and metabolic health with coronary heart disease: a pan-European case-cohort analysis |
| title_fullStr | Separate and combined associations of obesity and metabolic health with coronary heart disease: a pan-European case-cohort analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Separate and combined associations of obesity and metabolic health with coronary heart disease: a pan-European case-cohort analysis |
| title_short | Separate and combined associations of obesity and metabolic health with coronary heart disease: a pan-European case-cohort analysis |
| title_sort | separate and combined associations of obesity and metabolic health with coronary heart disease a pan european case cohort analysis |
| topic | smoking physical activity coronary heart disease overweight coronary heart disease risk obesity waist circumference body mass index procedure |
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